饲喂小黑麦干草对荷斯坦牛粪便微生物区系的影响  

Effect of feeding triticale hay on the fecal microbiota of Holstein cattle

作　　者：孙浩彬 薛玉洋 牛玉杰 牛俊丽 聂存喜[1] 张文举[1] SUN Haobin;XUE Yuyang;NIU Yujie;NIU Junli;NIE Cunxi;ZHANG Wenju(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第15期161-166,共6页China Feed

基　　金：乳肉牛融合发展绿色养殖技术集成与示范(2021AA004)。

摘　　要：为研究饲粮中添加不同比例的小黑麦干草对荷斯坦牛粪便微生物区系的影响,试验选取10月龄,平均体重为(325±20.0) kg的健康、生理状态良好的荷斯坦牛30头,随机分为3组(T1、T2、T3组),每组10头牛,3个试验组分别在饲粮中添加0%、15%、30%的小黑麦干草。预饲期为7 d,正试期为66 d。结果表明:(1)T2组荷斯坦牛粪便菌群的Shannon指数、Ace指数和Chao指数最高,但与其他组均差异不显著(P> 0.05)。(2)荷斯坦牛粪便微生物门水平的主要优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);T3组的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)所占比例最高,且显著高于T2组(P <0.05)。(3)在属水平的主要优势菌属分别为瘤胃球菌科(UCG-005)、克里斯滕菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae R-7 group)、Monoglobus、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group);T1组Christensenellaceae R-7 group所占总属水平的比例最小;T3组UCG-005、Monoglobus和Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group所占总属水平的比例相对低于T1组和T2组,但以上菌属均差异不显著(P> 0.05)。综上所述,饲喂小黑麦干草对荷斯坦牛肠道菌群没有较大影响,但添加15%的小黑麦干草可改善荷斯坦牛肠道菌群的丰富度和生物多样性,更利于荷斯坦牛的健康。The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of adding different proportions of triticale hay to the ration on the fecal microbiota of Holstein cattle.Thirty healthy Holstein cattle in good physiological condition at 10 months of age with an average weight of(325±20.0)kg were randomly divided into three groups of 10 cattle each(groups T1,T2,T3),and the three experimental groups were supplemented with 0%,15%and 30%of triticale hay in the ration.The pre-feeding period was 7 d,and the normal test period was 66 d.The results showed that:(1)The Shannon index,Ace index and Chao index of the fecal flora of Holstein cattle in T2 group were the highest,but there was no significant difference with other groups(P>0.05).(2)The main dominant groups at the level of fecal microflora in Holstein cattle were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes;the highest proportions of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were found in the T3 group,which were significantly higher than those in the T2 group(P<0.05).(3)The main dominant genera at the genus level were UCG-005,Christensellaceae R-7 group,Monoglobus and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group;T1 group Christensenellaceae R-7 group accounted for the smallest proportion of the total genus level;T3 group UCG-005,Monoglobus and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group were relatively lower than those in T1 and T2 groups,but the differences between the above genera were not significant(P>0.05).In conclusion,feeding triticale hay did not have a greater effect on the intestinal flora of Holstein cattle,but the addition of 15%triticale hay improved the richness and biodiversity of the intestinal flora of Holstein cattle and was more beneficial to the health of Holstein cattle.

关 键 词：小黑麦干草 荷斯坦牛 粪便微生物 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]