飞机牵引滑行技术综述  

Review on aircraft towing taxi technologies

作　　者：孙艳坤[1] 张威[1] 杨雄伟[2] 刘积昊 祝恒佳 刘衍希 秦嘉浩 SUN Yan-kun;ZHANG Wei;YANG Xiong-wei;LIU Ji-hao;ZHU Heng-jia;LIU Yan-xi;QIN Jia-hao(School of Aeronautical Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学航空工程学院,天津300300 [2]西安交通大学航天航空学院,陕西西安710049 [3]上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室,上海200240 [4]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2023年第3期23-43,共21页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2033208,12002367);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目3122020031。

摘　　要：从飞机牵引滑行模式的本质出发,分析了牵引滑行的内涵和驱动因素,提出了实现飞机牵引滑行模式需解决的牵引滑行过程运动学及其环境载荷分析、牵引滑行多体系统动力学、飞机前起落架结构力学响应、系统运动感知与控制、牵引滑行装备与物理测试平台以及牵引滑行模式对机场运行规则影响等关键问题,并分析了6项关键问题的研究现状和发展趋势,探讨了实现新模式所面临的技术难点与挑战。分析结果表明:牵引滑行的运动学计算相比于传统牵引的精度和实时性要求更高,要实现牵引滑行的安全估计需建立系统运动的高精度解算算法;高速重载飞机牵引滑行系统的运动状态、机场路面条件、控制输入等多因素作用将可能导致横向失稳、脱抱等极限现象,针对其系统动力学行为开展研究需考虑其结构与系统的非线性特征;为保障前起落架在长距离牵引滑行中承受纵向牵引力和垂向振动力耦合作用下的安全,需研究其结构动态响应和极限工况行为机理;要实现飞行员精确控制牵引滑行运动,需对人机交互模式、飞行员感知控制方法进行研究并开展测试验证;牵引滑行技术可缩短飞机发动机在地面运行阶段的使用时间,降低油耗和碳排放量,但同时会增加机场场面运行的复杂程度,因此,需建立新的机场飞行区场面运行管理规则体系。The essence of aircraft towing taxi mode was studied.The connotation and driving factors of towing taxi were proposed,and six key issues to realize aircraft towing taxi were put forward,including kinematics and environmental load analysis during towing taxi,multibody system dynamics of towing taxi,structural mechanical responses of the nose landing gear of aircraft,motion perception and control of the system,towing taxi equipment and physical test platform,and impact of towing taxi on airport operation rules.In addition,the research status and development trend of the six key issues were analyzed,and the technical difficulties and challenges faced in implementing the new mode were explored.Analysis results show that compared with traditional towing,the kinematics calculation of towing taxi requires higher precision and real-time performance,a high-precision algorithm of system motion should be established to realize the safety estimation of towing taxi,and the coupling effect of various factors such as the towing taxi system motion status of high-speed and heavy-duty aircraft,airport road conditions,and control inputs,may lead to limit phenomena,such as lateral instability and detachment.The research on the dynamic behavior of the system needs to consider the nonlinear characteristics of the structure and system.In order to ensure the safety of nose landing gear subjected to longitudinal traction and vertical vibration coupling conditions under long-distance towing taxi,it is necessary to study its structural dynamic response and ultimate working condition behavior mechanism.Man-machine interactive mode and pilot perception control method need to be analyzed to achieve the precise control of towing taxi movements by pilots,and tests are required for the verification.The using time of aircraft engines during ground operation can be shortened by towing taxi technology,and fuel consumption and carbon emissions can be reduced,but the complexity of airport surface operations will increase.Therefore,a new scene operati

关 键 词：民用航空 牵引滑行 飞机起落架 结构响应 机场运行 

分 类 号：V351.3[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]