基于S波段双偏振雷达和X波段相控阵雷达的超级单体观测分析  

Analysis of a Supercell Using S-band Dual-polarization Radar and X-band Phased Array Radar

作　　者：张羽 姚聃 杨金红[2] 曾琳 冯嘉宝 ZHANG Yu;YAO Dan;YANG Jinhong;ZENG Lin;FENG Jiabao(Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory,Guangzhou 511430;Meteorological Observation Center of CMA,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]广州市气象台,广东广州511430 [2]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象科技》2023年第3期419-430,共12页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(2023B04J02332);广东省气象局科技项目(GRMC2020Z08);雷达应用及强对流短临预警技术创新团(GRMCTD202002)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用广州S波段双偏振雷达和X波段相控阵雷达资料,对2022年3月26日一次降雹超级单体风暴成熟阶段的雷达观测特征开展分析,结果表明:超级单体呈现出钩状回波、回波悬垂、中气旋、三体散射等经典结构特征。径向速度上观测到中低层辐合、高层辐散以及中气旋和反气旋共存的双涡旋结构,有助于超级单体的维持发展。偏振特征分析发现,超级单体低层出现了反射率因子(ZDR)弧,低层强回波区对应偏小的差分反射率(ZDR)、低的相关系数(CC)和大的差分相移率(KDP),符合融化的冰雹特征。中层观测到ZDR环、CC环和三体散射(TBSS)的偏振特征。高层强回波区对应低的ZDR、较高的CC和低的KDP,对应空中干的大冰雹。垂直方向上观测到ZDR柱和KDP柱,ZDR柱最大发展高度达到8 km。X波段相控阵雷达更快的扫描速度还精细监测到超级单体钩状回波和中气旋的形成演变过程,低层也观测到与S波段双偏振雷达类似的ZDR弧特征和融化中的冰雹特征,但是使用中要留意衰减造成的影响。Using the data of Guangzhou S-band dual-polarization radar and X-band phased array radar,we analyze the radar observation characteristics of a supercell on March 26,2022.The results show that this supercell showed classical structural features such as hook echo,drape echo,and three-body scatter signature(TBSS).Other structures,such as low-level convergence,upper-level divergence,mesocyclone and anticyclones,contributed to the maintenance of the supercell.Analysis of the polarization features shows that the differential reflectivity(Z_(DR))arc appeared in the low layer of the supercell,and the high reflectivity corresponded to low Z_(DR),low correlation coefficient(C_C)and high specific differential phase(K_(DP)),which conformed to the characteristics of melting hail.The polarization characteristics of the Z_(DR)ring,C_C ring and TBSS were observed in the middle layer.The high-rise strong-echo regions corresponded to low Z_(DR),higher C_C,and low K_(DP),helping to identify large hail.The Z_(DR)and the K_(DP)columns were observed in the vertical direction,and the maximum development height of the Z_(DR)column reached 8 km.The K_(DP)column could reflect changes in the region of the supercell containing large amounts of liquid water droplets,and the K_(DP)foot could identify the region where the heavy precipitation was located.The faster scanning speed of X-band phased array radar could finely monitor the formation and evolution of supercell hook echo and mesocyclones.Z_(DR)arc and melting hail features were also observed at low layers with patterns similar to those by S-band dual-polarization radar,but the effects of attenuation should be dealt with with caution.

关 键 词：双偏振雷达 X波段相控阵雷达 超级单体 冰雹 

分 类 号：P415.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]