数据产权分置改革的制度路径研究  

Research on the Institutional Path of Data Property Right Separating Reform

作　　者：杨东[1,2] 赵秉元 Yang Dong;Zhao Bingyuan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学区块链研究院 [2]中国人民大学元宇宙研究中心 [3]中国人民大学交叉科学研究院

出　　处：《行政管理改革》2023年第6期55-64,共10页Administration Reform

基　　金：北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重大项目“发展数字经济、打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群研究”(21LLFXA003)。

摘　　要：数据要素的市场化配置需要数据产权制度的健全。传统民事产权难以适用于数据要素,亟待制度革新以适应数字经济的生产方式。数字劳动是数字经济催生的新型生产方式,包括劳动者的有酬劳动和消费者的免费劳动,其创造的数据价值需通过产权制度完善以公平分配给全体人民。我国数据产权分置改革是产权制度的创新,但在权利类型和具体内容等方面仍有待健全。在总体思路上,进一步加强数据产权制度建设,聚焦数据开放利用和价值共享;在体系建构方面,将收益权纳入产权体系,并借助“共票”(Coken)促进数据的有序流动及其收益的公平分配;在规则设计层面,细化各项产权的具体内容,为激励多元主体创造数据价值提供制度保障。The market-oriented allocation of data factors requires the improvement of data property rights system.Traditional civil property rights are difficult to apply to data factors,and institutional innovation is urgently needed to adapt to the production mode of the digital economy.Digital labor is a new mode of production promoted by the digital economy,including the paid labor of workers and the free labor of consumers.The data value created by digital labor needs to be distributed to all people fairly through the improvement of property rights system.The data property right separating reform in China is an innovation of property right system,but it still needs to be improved in terms of right types and specific contents.In general,the construction of data property right system should be guided based on Chinese path to modernization,focusing on date access and sharing.In terms of system construction,the data usufruct should be included in the property right system,and we could use the mechanism of Coken to ensure the orderly flow of data and the fair distribution of data income.As for the mechanism design,the specific content of each property right should be detailed to provide institutional guarantee for encouraging multiple subjects to create data value.

关 键 词：数据产权 数字劳动 共票 数据收益权 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]