流域尺度污染溯源模拟-优化防控方法:以铜陵市顺安河流域为例  

Simulation of Pollution Apportionment and Optimization of Control Methods in Watershed Scale:A Case Study of the Shun'an Watershed in Tongling City

作　　者：刘国王辰 陈磊[1] 李佳奇 张钰晨 赵奕欣 刘妍琪 沈珍瑶[1] LIU Guo-wang;CHEN Lei;LI Jia-qi;ZHANG Yu-chen;ZHAO Yi-xin;LIU Yan-qi;SHEN Zhen-yao(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第7期3835-3845,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(52221003);国家自然科学基金项目(42277044)。

摘　　要：长江经济带发展是我国重要国家战略,但面临着水环境保护难度大、污染来源不清和措施集成度低等问题.针对流域尺度多源污染协同治理面临的方法瓶颈,结合资料调研分析、机制模型模拟和智能算法优化,构建了“污染精准溯源-措施效果评价-措施整体优化”为主体的流域水环境保护框架,并以安徽省铜陵市顺安河流域为例进行了方案应用.结果表明,新框架可精准量化流域内种植业、农村生活、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、工业废水和生活污水的贡献,并评价多种防控措施及其集成的总体效果;多目标优化蛙跳算法通过系统对比多种方案的成本效益,提供了性价比高的流域多源污染协同治理方案,如通过合理投资可使顺安河流域总氮在丰、平和枯水年分别削减1274.24、855.24和381.96 t·a^(-1),总磷削减321.42、159.80和42.93 t·a^(-1),保障水质达到地表Ⅲ类水质标准.新框架可推广到其他流域,为流域高质量发展背景下的水环境保护提供模式参考.The protection of the Yangtze River is an important national strategy in China,but it faces many problems such as difficult water environment protection,unclear pollution sources,and low integration of measures.Aimed at addressing watershed scale multi-source pollution together with facing the bottleneck method,by combining research data analysis,mechanism model,and intelligent algorithm optimization,this study built the framework for accurate pollution apportionment,measures evaluation,and overall measure optimization.Shun'an watershed in Tongling City of Anhui Province was set as an example for the application.The results showed that the new method could accurately quantify the impacts of planting industry,rural life,livestock and poultry breeding,aquaculture,industrial sewage,and domestic sewage in the watershed and evaluate the overall effects of various measures.The multi-objective optimization algorithm provided a cooperative multi-source pollution control scheme with higher cost performance and better environmental benefit by comparing the cost effectiveness of various schemes systematically.The optimization scheme showed that total nitrogen could be reduced by 1274.24 t·a^(-1) in wet years,855.24 t·a^(-1) in normal years,and 381.96 t·a^(-1) in dry years.Total phosphorus was reduced by 321.42 t·a^(-1) in wet years,159.80 t·a^(-1) in normal years,and 42.93 t·a^(-1) in dry years,such that the water quality reached the surface class Ⅲ water quality standard.These research results can be extended to other watersheds and provide a method reference for water environment protection under the background of the high-quality development of watersheds.

关 键 词：长江经济带 非点源污染 点源污染 SWAT模型 多目标优化 流域高质量发展 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]