1986—2020年东北典型黑土区耕地资源时空变化及其驱动因素  

Spatiotemporal changes and the driving factors of cultivated land resources of the typical black soil region in Northeast China from 1986 to 2020

作　　者：张瑞 杜国明 张树文[3] ZHANG Rui;DU Guoming;ZHANG Shuwen(College of Economics and Management,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;School of Public Administration and Law,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,CAS,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学经济管理学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学公共管理与法学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《资源科学》2023年第5期939-950,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500101)。

摘　　要：【目的】耕地资源是粮食生产的主要物质基础,剖析典型黑土区耕地资源时空变化的特征,对于优化耕地资源配置具有参考价值。【方法】本文基于1986—2020年间东北典型黑土区的4期土地利用数据,从土地利用变化的角度,揭示以耕地面积增减为表征的耕地资源数量变化特征;以耕地空间格局演变为切入点,分析以立地条件为代表的耕地资源质量变化特征;在此基础上,剖析了耕地资源时空变化的驱动因素。【结果】(1)1986—2020年,东北典型黑土区耕地面积不断增加,净增量达2.51×104km2,其中又以1986—2000年增加最多,耕地变化较为剧烈的地区集中分布于大兴安岭南麓、三江平原和东三省各省会城市周边。(2)30余年间,由于耕地重心持续向东北方向移动,造成典型黑土区耕地资源的平均气温下降0.20℃,平均湿度增加0.12%、平均坡度则呈“先增后减”的变化特征;相比于转出耕地,转入耕地的温度条件始终较差,湿度条件总体占优,坡度条件初始较差,后期优于转出耕地。(3)在低气温(-1℃~2℃)、高湿度(67%~71%)、高坡度(15°~79°)地区,耕地转入转出频繁,变化剧烈。【结论】1986—2020年,黑土区耕地的面积持续增加,重心持续向北向东迁移,使得耕地资源的总体温度条件变差,湿度条件变好,地形条件基本稳定。这一结果对于准确评判黑土区的粮食生产能力,科学利用与保护黑土地提供了参考。[Objective]Cultivated land resources are the main material basis for food production.Analyzing the characteristics of the spatial and temporal changes of cultivated land resources in the typical black soil region has important reference value for optimizing the allocation of cultivated land resources.[Methods]Based on the land use data of four periods from 1986 to 2020 in the typical black soil region of Northeast China,the quantitative change of cultivated land resources characterized by the increase and decrease of cultivated land area were revealed.Taking the change of cultivated land spatial pattern as the breakthrough point,the characteristics of cultivated land resource quality change represented by site conditions were analyzed.On this basis,the driving factors of spatial and temporal changes of cultivated land resources were analyzed.[Results](1)From 1986 to 2020,the area of cultivated land in the typical black soil region in Northeast China had been increasing,with a net increase of 2.51×104 km2,of which the largest increase occurred from 1986 to 2000,and the areas with more dramatic changes in cultivated land were concentrated in the southern foot of the Greater Xing’an Mountains,the Sanjiang Plain,and the areas surrounding the three provincial capital cities of the region;(2)For more than 30 years,due to the continuous movement of the center of gravity of the cultivated land to the northeast,the average temperature of the cultivated land area in the typical black soil region decreased by 0.20℃,the average humidity increased by 0.12%,and the average slope showed the change characteristics of first increasing and then decreasing;Compared with the transferred-out farmland,the temperature condition of the farmland that was transferred in was always poor,the humidity condition was generally superior,the slope condition was poor at the beginning,and better than the transferredout farmland at a later stage;(3)In areas with low temperature(-1℃-2℃),high humidity(67%-71%),and high slope(15°-79°),culti

关 键 词：典型黑土区 耕地资源 立地条件 时空变化 驱动因素 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]