《奥林匹克宪章》运动员国籍条款中的酌情裁量权研究  

The Analysis on the Discretion in the Nationality Clause of Athletes in the Olympic Charter

作　　者：黄世席[1] 李杰 HUANG Shixi;LI Jie(School of Law,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,青岛266237

出　　处：《体育与科学》2023年第4期15-26,共12页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“全球治理观视阈下体育赛事综合治理研究”,项目号:18BTY034。

摘　　要：作为运动员参赛国籍规则框架下的一部分,酌情裁量权条款具有效力最高性、完全自裁性、模糊性与灵活性几个性质。效力最高性依赖于国际体育组织自治与《奥林匹克宪章》最高地位的结合;完全自裁性体现在执行委员会的完全决定权,缺乏约束机制;模糊性表现为执行委员会的裁量标准不明确、裁量事项范围宽泛、裁量程序不清晰。鉴于酌情裁量权条款分别对运动员、国家、国际体育发展具有不同程度的积极与消极影响,需要对该条款加以反思与完善。在裁量标准方面,可以借鉴《国际滑雪比赛规则》第203.5.2中的最佳利益标准;在裁量事项范围方面,应坚持裁决须以运动员与所代表的国家之间的真实联系为原则;在裁量程序方面,需设立标准的裁量程序,在拒绝运动员申请时应告知理由并赋予其申诉权;在外部监督方面,应明确国际体育仲裁院上诉仲裁庭能够作为上诉机构为运动员提供救济途径。中国可以通过中国奥委会的建议权、国际奥委会运动员委员会的建议权来推动酌情裁量权条款的完善。此外,可以尝试在中国奥委会中设立运动员监察员部门来加强自身制度建设,降低因该条款的滥用而可能对中国所产生的负面影响。As a part of the framework of athletes'nationality rules,the discretionary clause has several properties:the highest effectiveness,complete self-determination,fuzziness and flexibility.The highest effectiveness depends on the combination of the autonomy of international sports organizations and the highest status of the Olympic Charter;The complete self-determination is reflected in the complete decision-making power of the IOC Executive Board and the lack of binding mechanism;Fuzziness is manifested in the unclear discretion standard of the IOC Executive Board,the wide range of discretion matters and unclear discretion procedures.In view of the positive and negative influence of the discretionary clause on athletes,countries and the development of international sports,it is necessary to reflect and improve the clause.In terms of discretion standard,we could learn from the best interest standard in FIS 203.5.2;In terms of the scope of discretionary matters,we should adhere to the principle that the ruling should be based on the true connection between the athletes and the countries they represent;In terms of the discretion procedure,it is essential to establish a standard discretion procedure,in the meantime,when the athlete's application is rejected,he should be informed of the reasons and given the right of appeal;In terms of external supervision,it should be clear that the Appeals Arbitration Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS)can act as an appellate body to provide relief for athletes.China could promote the improvement of the discretionary clause through the right of suggestion of the Chinese Olympic Committee and the right of suggestion of the IOC Athletes Committee.Additionally,we could try to establish the Athlete Ombuds within the Chinese Olympic Committee to strengthen system building,reducing the negative impact on China caused by abuse of this clause.

关 键 词：《奥林匹克宪章》 国际奥委会执行委员会 运动员国籍 酌情裁量权 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]