老年体育活动中的互动仪式与社会关系--基于一个业余足球俱乐部的田野考察  

Interaction Rituals and Social Relations in Elderly Sports--Based on a Field Study of an Amateur Football Club

作　　者：史科 王若光 SHI Ke;WANG Ruoguang(Center of Information Management and Development,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;School of Physical Education,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学信息化管理与建设中心,太原030024 [2]扬州大学体育学院,扬州225127

出　　处：《体育与科学》2023年第4期86-94,共9页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民俗体育文化保护研究”,项目号:16CTY021。

摘　　要：老年阶段,个体往往会经历一个社会关系的转变过程。本研究以互动仪式链理论为基础,秉持互动仪式链理论聚焦情境、坚持微观与宏观相结合的观点,通过书写笔者所在业余足球俱乐部中几位“足球老人”体育参与时生成的互动仪式及其发展历程,来展现他们老年体育参与中的社会关系。研究发现,足球老人社会关系的生成是在互动仪式链的推动下实现的。这一过程既包括在俱乐部比赛中,足球老人们经过更改分组方式、合理运用规则、战术等,能动地塑造俱乐部的比赛仪式、成为“运动明星”,进而生成“一般老年群体”“俱乐部青老成员”维度认同与区隔的过程,也包括在俱乐部关系趋于稳定后,足球老人在教练班、青训课、体育课等生成性互动仪式的串联下,实现由足球爱好者向青训教练、“教师”转变,生成“生存社会”维度认同与区隔的过程。这些环节相互依托,共同促进足球老人的体育参与。对于老年体育而言,该过程中对体育项目进行的适老化改造、情境化手段的使用对提升老年人体育参与具有重要借鉴价值。In old age,individuals often undergo a transformation of their social relationships.This study is based on the interactive ritual chain theory,adheres to the perspective of focusing on the context and adhering to the combination of micro and macro perspectives of the interactive ritual chain theory.By writing the interactive rituals generated during the sports participation of several elderly football players in author amateur football club and their development process,it aims to explore the social relationships in their elderly sports participation.It is found that the generation process of social relationships among the football seniors is driven by the interactive ritual chain.This process includes not only the process of forming the club's competition ceremony and becoming sports stars through club matches,but also the process of identifying and distinguishing the“general elderly group”and“club young and elderly members”through changes in grouping methods,rational use of rules,tactics,etc.After the club's relationship stabilizes,the football elderly participate in coaching classes,youth training classes under the connection of generative interactive ceremonies such as physical education classes,the transformation from football enthusiasts to youth training coaches and“teachers”are achieved,resulting in the process of identification and differentiation in the dimension of“survival society”.These links rely on each other to jointly promote the participation of elderly football players in sports.For the elderly sports,the aging adaptation of sports items and the use of situational means in this process have important reference value to improve the participation of the elderly in sports.

关 键 词：老年体育 足球俱乐部 互动仪式 社会关系 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]