太子参常见病害与用药调查分析  

Common diseases and drug use of Pseudostellaria heterophylla

作　　者：杨昌贵 杨野[2] 郭兰萍[3] 张小波 裴高升 张红霞 朱贵红 吴小凤 周涛 YANG Chang-gui;YANG Ye;CUO Lan-ping;ZHANG Xiao-bo;PEI Gao-sheng;ZHANG Hong-xia;ZHU Gui-hong;WU Xiao-feng;ZHOU Tao(Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650031,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica,Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Tongjitang(Guizhou)Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学,贵州贵阳550025 [2]昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院,云南昆明650031 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [4]国药集团同济堂(贵州)制药有限公司,贵州贵阳550200

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第12期3281-3286,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021B013);国家自然科学基金项目(82160728);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5638-2);贵州省教育厅高校科研平台团队项目(黔教技[2022]021号);贵州省科技计划成果应用及产业化项目(黔科合成果[2021]一般136);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：太子参在规模化种植中,需要施用农药防治病害,而农药使用不规范可能引起药材中农药残留超标,增加临床用药风险。为对残留农药进行精准监测,该研究调查了贵州省25家太子参种植企业或种植个体户在太子参病害防治过程中的用药情况。调查表明,太子参常见病害有8种,包括叶斑病、霜霉病、病毒病、根腐病、立枯病、紫纹羽病、白绢病和猝倒病。病害防治共使用23个农药品种,以化学合成类农药为主,占比78.3%,其次为生物类农药和矿物类农药,占比分别为13.0%、8.7%;病害防治用药均为低毒类农药,无2020年版《中国药典》禁用的品种,但所用农药均未在太子参上进行登记,超范围用药较为严重。目前对太子参农药残留的监测以有机氯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药为主,不能有效覆盖生产用药,存在一定的安全风险。建议加快太子参生产用药的研究与登记,增加生物农药的使用,结合生产用药实际进一步完善农药残留监测指标,以促进太子参产业的高质量发展。Pseudostellaria heterophylla in large-scale cultivation needs to apply pesticides to control diseases,and non-standard use of pesticide may cause excessive pesticide residues in medicinal materials,increasing the risk of clinical medication.To accurately monitor the residual pesticides,this paper investigated the drug use during the process of P.heterophylla disease prevention in 25 P.heterophylla planting enterprises or individual households in Guizhou province.It was found that there were 8 common diseases in P.heterophylla planting,including leaf spot,downy mildew,virus disease,root rot,dropping disease,purple feather disease,white silk disease,and damping-off disease.Twenty-three kinds of pesticides were used in disease control,mainly chemical synthetic pesticides,accounting for 78.3%,followed by biological pesticides and mineral pesticides,accounting for 13.0%and 8.7%,respectively.The disease prevention and control drugs were all low-toxic pesticides,and there were no varieties banned in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).However,the pesticides used have not been registered on P.heterophylla,and the excessive use of drugs was serious.The present monitoring of pesticide residues in P.heterophylla is mainly based on traditional pesticides such as organochlorine,organophosphorus,and carbamate,which does not effectively cover the production of drugs and had certain safety risks.It is suggested to speed up the research and registration of drug use in the production of P.heterophylla,increase the use of biological pesticides,and further improve the monitoring indicators of pesticide residues in combination with the actual production of drugs,so as to promote the high-quality development of P.heterophylla industry.

关 键 词：太子参 病害 农药监测 调查 

分 类 号：S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]