在职人群心理弹性在焦虑和主观幸福感间的中介效应研究  

The mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being in occupational population

作　　者：赵秋雯 陈苏虹 李晓梅 高俊岭[1] 傅华[1] 戴俊明[1] Zhao Qiuwen;Chen Suhong;Li Xiaomei;Gao Junling;Fu Hua;Dai Junming(Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education,School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院预防医学与健康教育教研室,上海200032

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第6期434-438,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020-2022年)学科人才建设计划-健康教育与健康传播(GWV-10.1-XK14)。

摘　　要：目的探讨在职人群焦虑和主观幸福感现状,以及心理弹性在两者关系中的中介效应。方法于2020年3月24至26日,使用网络问卷对年满18岁的在职人群开展横断面调查,共获得有效问卷2 134份,调查对象来自全国30个省市、自治区、直辖市。收集其一般人口学资料、主观幸福感、焦虑情况以及心理弹性等信息,用Pearson χ2检验与Spearson相关分析进行数据分析,运用结构方程模型探讨心理弹性在焦虑和主观幸福感间的中介效应。结果调查对象年龄18~60岁,平均年龄(31.19±7.09)岁,其中女性1 075(50.4%)人,男性1 059(49.6%)人。调查对象低主观幸福感和焦虑阳性率分别为46.5%(992/2 134)和28.4%(607/2 134),焦虑得分与主观幸福感得分以及心理弹性得分均呈明显负相关(rs=-0.52、-0.41,P<0.05),心理弹性与主观幸福感呈明显正相关(rs=0.32,P<0.05)。结构方程模型显示,焦虑对主观幸福感有负向预测作用,心理弹性对主观幸福感有正向预测作用,并在焦虑对主观幸福感之间起中介作用,其中介效应为9.9%。结论在职人群焦虑与幸福感状况依然不容乐观,心理弹性在焦虑与主观幸福感之间存在中介效应。Objective To explore the current situation of anxiety,subjective well-being in occupational population and the mediating effect of resilience.Methods From March 24th to 26th,2020,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among occupational population aged≥18 years old using online questionnaires.A total of 2134 valid questionnaires were obtained,with respondents from 30 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities directly under the Central Government.Their general demographic data,subjective well-being,anxiety,and resilience were collected.Pearsonχ2 test and Spearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis,and structural equation model was used to explore the mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being.Results The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 60 years old,with an average age of(31.19±7.09)years old,including 1075(50.4%)women and 1059(49.6%)men.The positive rates of low subjective well-being and anxiety were 46.5%(992/2134)and 28.4%(607/2134),respectively.Anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with subjective well-being scores and resilience scores(rs=-0.52,-0.41,P<0.05),while resilience was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being(rs=0.32,P<0.05).Structural equation models showed that anxiety had a negative predictive effect on subjective well-being,while resilience not only had a positive predictive effect on subjective well-being,but also played a mediating role between anxiety and subjective well-being,with a mediating effect of 9.9%.Conclusion The situation of anxiety and well-being in the occupational population is still not optimistic,and resilience has a mediating effect between anxiety and subjective well-being.

关 键 词：焦虑 心理学 职业群体 主观幸福感 心理弹性 中介效应 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]