农民工尘肺病患者的医疗保障及生活质量调查  

Investigation on medical security and quality of life of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis

作　　者：景华[1] 崔萍[1] 栾文杰 吴媛[1] 马丽 王文霞[1] Jing Hua;Cui Ping;Luan Wenjie;Wu Yuan;Ma Li;Wang Wenxia(Drug Clinical Research Center of Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine,Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan 250002,China;Leadership Office of Laizhou Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Laizhou 261400,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院药物临床研究中心,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),济南250002 [2]莱州市慢性病防治院领导办公室,莱州261400

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第6期439-442,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2020RKC03004);济南市临床医学科技创新计划(202019203);山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(2017WS021)。

摘　　要：目的调查了解农民工尘肺病患者医疗保障及生活质量情况,为农民工尘肺病患者的预防控制对策、精准扶贫工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,选择2016年1月至2021年12月在山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院确诊的农民工尘肺病患者200例为观察组,非农民工尘肺病患者200例为对照组。采用《圣乔治呼吸问卷》(SGRQ)及《尘肺病调查表》,收集并比较两组患者的年龄、接尘工龄、经济来源、从业状态、收入、医疗保障及生活质量等信息。结果观察组农民工尘肺病患者年龄(58.1±8.1)岁,接尘工龄(19.3±10.1)年;经济来源主要为子女供养(85.5%,171/200),从业状态以待业或失业为主(69.0%,138/200),个人月收入以无收入为主(90.0%,180/200),家庭年收入以<10 000元为主(48.0%,96/200),个人年均医疗支出5 000~<10 000元占42.0%(84/200)。对照组尘肺病患者年龄(59.2±8.9)岁,接尘工龄(20.2±10.5)年;经济来源主要为退休金/工资(99.0%,198/200),从业状态以退休为主(66.0%,132/200),个人月收入以2 000~<4 000元为主(61.5%,123/200),家庭年收入以20 000~<40 000元为主(44.0%,88/200),个人年均医疗支出以无支出为主(92.0%,184/200)。两组患者在经济来源、从业状态、个人月收入、家庭年收入及个人年均医疗支出中的分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组保险类型以农村合作医疗为主(68.5%,137/200),无医疗报销及比例<50%占87.0%(174/200)。两组尘肺病患者的保险类型、医疗报销比例分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组尘肺病患者的呼吸症状、活动能力、日常生活影响及生活质量总分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论农民工尘肺病患者的经济收入低下,医疗支出大,就医报销比例低,生活质量差。相关部门应给予高度重视,及时关注及救助,以提高农民工尘肺病患者生活质量。Objective To investigate and understand the medical security and quality of life of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control countermeasures of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis and targeted poverty alleviation.Methods Using a stratified random sampling method,200 migrant workers diagnosed with pneumoconiosis at the Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine from January 2016 to December 2021 were selected as the observation group,while 200 non migrant workers diagnosed with pneumoconiosis were selected as the control group.St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ)and Pneumoconiosis Questionnaire were used to collect and compare information on the age,working age of dust exposure,economic sources,employment status,income,medical security and quality of life of two groups of patients.Results The age of migrant worker pneumoconiosis patients in the observation group was(58.1±8.1)years old,and the working age of dust exposure was(19.3±10.1)years.The main source of income was children support(85.5%,171/200),employment status was mainly wait for employment or unemployed(69.0%,138/200),personal monthly income was mainly non income(90.0%,180/200),and family annual income was mainly less than 10000 yuan(48.0%,96/200).The average personal annual medical expenditure of 5000-<10000 yuan accounted for 42.0%(84/200).The age of pneumoconiosis patients in the control group was(59.2±8.9)years old,and the working age of dust exposure was(20.2±10.5)years.The main source of income was retirement pension or salary(99.0%,198/200),with retirement as the main employment status(66.0%,132/200),the main personal monthly income was 2000-<4000 yuan(61.5%,123/200),the main family annual income was 20000-<40000 yuan(44.0%,88/200),and the average personal annual medical expenditure was mostly non-expenditure(92.0%,184/200).There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of economic sources,employment status,personal monthly income,fa

关 键 词：尘肺 农民工 医疗保障 生活质量 经济状况 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]