新疆双峰驼产奶性状与体尺、体重及血液理化指标的测定及相关性分析  

Determination and Correlation of Milk Production Traits with Body Size,Body Weight and Blood Physicochemical Indicators in Camelus bactrianus in Xinjiang

作　　者：姚怀兵 李娜 梁小瑞 郝泽林 闫慧 赵仲凯 刘颖 马强 王玉琢 陈钢粮 杨洁 YAO Huaibing;LI Na;LIANG Xiaorui;HAO Zelin;YAN Hui;ZHAO Zhongkai;LIU Ying;MA Qiang;WANG Yuzhuo;CHEN Gangliang;YANG Jie(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,College of Life Sciences and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center,Urumqi 830046,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Animal Husbandry Station,Harbin 150069,China;Xinjiang Wangyuan Biological Science and Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Altay 836500,China;Xinjiang Bactrian Camel Research Institute,Altay 836500,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆骆驼产业工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]黑龙江省畜牧总站,哈尔滨150069 [4]新疆旺源生物科技集团有限公司,阿勒泰836500 [5]新疆双峰骆驼研究院,阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2023年第8期3210-3220,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC16061003);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2018B01003-1);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2019G026)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示双峰驼泌乳期产奶性状、规律及影响因素,分析高、低产双峰驼差异性生长性状及血液和驼乳生理生化指标,为高产驼选育提供基础研究资料。【方法】以准噶尔泌乳双峰驼为研究对象,对产奶量进行监测,绘制哺乳期泌乳曲线,并分析不同胎次的产奶量。测定高、低产双峰驼体尺、体重、血液及驼乳理化指标并进行差异性及相关性分析。【结果】双峰驼挤奶期约10个泌乳月,前3个泌乳月产奶量高,第4~7个泌乳月产奶量呈持续下降,第7~9个泌乳月产奶量略有回升,第10个泌乳月产奶量达到最低,可归纳为4种类型的泌乳曲线。产奶量的高峰期一般在2~6胎,最佳年龄为6~15岁。高产驼组的产奶量极显著高于低产驼组(P<0.01);高产驼组的体重、血尿素氮及血尿素均显著高于低产驼组(P<0.05),而高产驼组血清白蛋白及血清钙含量显著低于低产驼组(P<0.05);高产驼组驼乳的乳脂、乳蛋白显著低于低产驼组(P<0.01);相关性分析结果显示,血液理化指标与产奶性状具有较强的相关性。【结论】双峰驼产奶性能受到机体、泌乳阶段、营养环境等多因素影响,体重、血液及乳成分与产奶量具有一定相关性。结果为进一步提高双峰驼产奶性能及高产驼选育提供理论数据。【Objective】The aim of this study was to reveal the milk production traits,patterns and factors influencing the lactation period of Camelus bactrianus,analyze the differential growth traits and blood and camel milk physiological and biochemical indicators of high and low Camelus bactrianus,and provide basic research information for the selection and breeding of high-yielding camels.【Method】This study took the lactating Camelus bactrianus in Junggar as the research object,milk production was monitored,lactation curves were plotted during lactation,and the milk production of different litters was analyzed.Body size,body weight,and physical and chemical parameters of blood and camel milk were measured and analyzed for differences and correlations between high-yielding and low-yielding Camelus bactrianus.【Result】The milking period of Camelus bactrianus was about 10 lactation months,with high milk production in the first 3 lactation months,a continuous decrease in milk production in the 4th to 7th lactation months,a slight increase in milk production in the 7th to 9th lactation months,and a minimum in the 10th lactation month,which could be summarized into 4 types of lactation curves.The peak of milk production was usually between 2 and 6 litters and the optimal age was 6 to 15 years.The milk yield of the high-yielding camel group was extremely significantly higher than that of the low-yielding camel group(P<0.01).The weight,blood urea nitrogen,and blood urea of the high-yielding group were significantly higher than those of the low-yielding camel group(P<0.05),while the serum albumin and calcium levels of the high-yielding camel group were significantly lower than those of the low-yielding camel group(P<0.05).The milk fat and milk protein of the high-yielding camel group were significantly lower than those of the low-yielding camel(P<0.01).The results of correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between blood physiological and biochemical indicators and milk production traits.【Conclusion】The pre

关 键 词：双峰驼 产奶性状 泌乳曲线 

分 类 号：S824[农业科学—畜牧学]