飞行人员急性缺氧耐力影响因素分析  

Analysis of influencing factors of acute hypoxia tolerance among aircrews

作　　者：刘振颖 范雪 匡宇 岳洪梅 LIU Zhenying;FAN Xue;KUANG Yu;YUE Hongmei(Altitude Physiological Training,Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy,Qingdao Shandong 276001,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]海军青岛特勤疗养中心高空生理训练科,山东青岛276001 [2]海军青岛特勤疗养中心抗荷生理训练科,山东青岛276001

出　　处：《空军航空医学》2023年第3期200-203,共4页AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE

基　　金：全军后勤保健专项课题(18BJZ05);海军青岛特勒疗养中心科研项目(TLKY06)。

摘　　要：目的 对军事飞行人员高空急性缺氧耐力情况进行统计分析,为有效识别缺氧和提升缺氧耐力,延长自救时间提供科学依据。方法 应用KYY-1型抗荷抗缺氧能力检测仪低氧浓度训练模块对飞行人员进行急性缺氧训练并记录缺氧有效意识时间。将590名飞行人员按年龄分组(Ⅰ~Ⅳ)讨论缺氧耐力在各组间分布的差异性;在Ⅰ~Ⅳ组分别(剔除年龄差异性)分析机种(A、B、C)对缺氧耐力的影响;对383名飞行人员(22~31岁)按照年龄、机种等讨论缺氧训练经历对缺氧耐力的影响;对153名(24~27岁)无受训经历、年龄无统计学差异的飞行人员缺氧耐力进行训前心理状态的差异统计分析。结果 急性缺氧耐力达优秀的飞行人员在不同年龄段分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.104,P<0.001),随着年龄的增加急性缺氧耐力逐渐降低;在不同机种飞行人员对缺氧耐力的统计分析中,Ⅰ(22~29岁)、Ⅱ(30~35岁)、Ⅲ(36~41岁)、Ⅳ(42岁以上)组达优秀的飞行人员在不同机种间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.808、0.631、0.285、0.758,P=0.246、0.729、0.867、0.685);不同受训经历飞行人员的缺氧耐力比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=34.908,P<0.001);不同心理状态的飞行人员缺氧耐力比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=44.292,P<0.001)。结论 利用氧浓度7.1%的氮氧混合气体模拟海拔7500m急性缺氧危险区进行低氧耐力训练,可以体验并有效识别急性缺氧症状,通过主客观数据准确有效分析军事飞行人员有效意识时间的影响因素,降低或规避不利因素,进行针对性的体能训练,为飞行人员急性缺氧耐力提升,降低飞行风险,保障训练作战任务提供科学依据。Objective To provide data for identifying hypoxia,improving hypoxic tolerance and prolonging self-rescue time effectively via statistical analysis of acute hypoxic tolerance of military aircrews at a high altitude.Methods The antihypoxia tolerance training module of the anti-G and anti-hypoxia ability tester—KKY-1 was used for acute hypoxia training for aircrews.The duration of useful consciousness was recorded.The 590 aircrews were divided into different age groups(Ⅰ~Ⅳ)to study the differences in the distribution of hypoxic tolerance between these groups.The effects of aircraft types(A,B,C)on hypoxic endurance were analyzed in groupsⅠtoⅣ(excluding age differences).The effects of hypoxic training experience on hypoxic endurance of 383 aircrews were explored by taking age and types of aircraft into consideration.The difference in psychological status before training was analyzed in 153 aircrews who had had no training experience and were not statistically different in age.Results There was significant difference in the distribution of acute hypoxic endurance between different age groups(χ^(2)=21.104,P0.001),and acute hypoxic endurance decreased gradually with age.Statistical analysis of hypoxic endurance suggested that there was no significant difference between aircrews with excellent hypoxic endurance in groups I(22-29 years old),Ⅱ(30-35 years old),Ⅲ(36-41 years old)andⅣ(over 42 years old)(χ^(2)=2.808,0.631,0.285,0.758,P=0.246,0.729,0.867,0.685).The difference in hypoxia tolerance among aircrews with different training experiences is statistically significant(χ^(2)=34.908,P0.001);the difference in hypoxia tolerance among aircrews with different psychological state is statistically significant(χ^(2)=44.292,P0.001).Conclusion The mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen at the concentration of 7.1%can be used to simulate an altitude of 7500 m,which is the acute anoxic zone for hypoxic endurance training.The aircrews can discern the sensation of acute hypoxia effectively.Analysis of the determ

关 键 词：急性缺氧 缺氧耐力 有效意识时间 主观症状 飞行人员 

分 类 号：R852[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]