黄淮海平原微喷灌下冬小麦农田水分渗漏 及氮素淋失模拟分析  

Simulation analysis on water leakage and nitrogen leaching of winter wheat farmland under micro sprinkler irrigation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

作　　者：乔毅博 吴鹏年 王艳丽 刘长硕 李煜铭 温鹏飞 关小康[1] 王同朝[1,2] QIAO Yibo;WU Pengnian;WANG Yanli;LIU Changshuo;LI Yuming;WEN Pengfei;GUAN Xiaokang;WANG Tongchao(College Agronomy,Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第7期1540-1553,共14页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1700903);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A210028)。

摘　　要：为了解黄淮海平原冬小麦水分渗漏和氮淋失特征,以优化小麦生产灌溉制度,降低农田水肥施用后土壤氮淋失对环境的影响,本试验于2020—2022年在设置不同灌水处理(充分灌溉、亏缺灌溉)和雨养处理的大田试验基础上,利用土壤-作物系统水热碳氮耦合(WHCNS)模型,通过优化土壤水力学和作物参数,评价模型适用性,并使用校验后的模型定量化分析不同水分管理条件下的农田氮淋失、水分渗漏及特征。结果表明:土壤含水率和硝态氮(以N计)的均方根误差范围分别为0.01~0.07 cm^(3)·cm^(-3)和3.37~6.39 mg·kg^(-1);叶面积指数和干物质量模拟R^(2)≥0.9,一致性指数均≥0.7,模型模拟达到预期效果。使用校验后的模型对0~100 cm土层水分渗漏和氮淋失进行动态模拟的结果显示,硝态氮淋失与水分渗漏动态一致,二者均表现为单日量小且持续时间较长,产生渗漏的累计天数占全生育期天数的59.2%~69.4%。与充分灌溉相比,亏缺灌溉在两季冬小麦产量无显著差异的情况下,日氮淋失和水分渗漏量分别减少3.88%~66.94%和37.01%~44.87%。研究表明,校正后的WHCNS模型可以用于模拟研究区农田水氮运移和作物生长过程。Understanding the characteristics of water leakage and nitrogen leaching from winter wheat in the Huang-Huaihai Plain,can help optimize the irrigation system for wheat production and reduce the environmental impact of soil nitrogen leaching after water and fertilizer application on farmland.In this study,based on a field trial with different irrigation treatments(eg.,full irrigation,deficit irrigation)and rainfed treatments set up in 2020—2022,the Soil Water Heat Carbon and Nitrogen Simulation(WHCNS)model was used to evaluate the applicability of the model by optimizing soil hydraulics and crop parameters.The calibrated model quantitatively analyzed the nitrogen leaching,water seepage,and characteristics of farmland under different water management conditions.The root mean squared error(RMSE)ranges for soil water content and nitrate-N(calculated by N)were 0.01–0.07 cm^(3)·cm^(-3) and 3.37–6.39 mg·kg^(-1),respectively;the simulated R^(2) for leaf area index(LAI)and dry matter mass were≥0.9,and the consistency indices were both≥0.7,and the model simulations achieved the expected results.The results of simulating the dynamics of water seepage and nitrogen loss in the 0–100 cm soil layer using the validated model showed that nitrate nitrogen seepage and water seepage were consistent,and both were characterized by small single-day amounts but long duration,with the cumulative number of days of seepage accounting for 59.2%–69.4%of the total number of days in the reproductive period.Compared with full irrigation,N leaching and water leakage were reduced by 3.88%–66.94%and 37.01%–44.87%,respectively,in the two seasons of deficit irrigation,and there was no significant difference in yield between the two treatments of full and deficit irrigation,which were significantly higher than that of rainfed.The calibrated WHCNS model can be used to simulate water and nitrogen transport and crop growth in the study area.

关 键 词：冬小麦 WHCNS模型 水分渗漏 氮淋失 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]