奶牛养殖粪水还田对风沙土农田N_(2)O和NO排放的影响  

Effects of dairy effluent on N_(2)O and NO emissions in aeolian sandy soil during a maize growing season

作　　者：杨从 刘德燕[1] 黄皓文 陈雷 樊俊铭 王银宏 石孝东 田彦锋 丁维新[1] YANG Cong;LIU Deyan;HUANG Haowen;CHEN Lei;FAN Junming;WANG Yinhong;SHI Xiaodong;TIAN Yanfeng;DING Weixin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Nanjing Foreign Language School,Nanjing 210008,China;Inner Mongolia Youran Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京外国语学校,南京210008 [4]内蒙古优然牧业有限责任公司,呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第7期1645-1654,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(2020-科技兴蒙-国创中心-14);黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010302)。

摘　　要：为探究规模化奶牛养殖场粪水农田就近消纳的区域适宜方案,减缓农田温室气体排放,建立田间原位试验,研究奶牛养殖场粪水(液体有机肥)对风沙土N_(2)O和NO排放及青贮玉米产量的影响。试验设5个处理,分别为:不施氮肥对照(CK)、常规化肥(NPK)、奶牛养殖场固体有机肥底肥尿素追肥(SM)、液体有机肥分3次(LMT)和4次施用(LMF)。结果表明:在氮用量250 kg·hm^(-2)水平下,与NPK处理相比,SM处理土壤N_(2)O和NO累积排放量分别降低16.58%和20.31%,LMT处理的降低幅度分别达到39.59%和30.02%,LMF处理则仅降低土壤NO排放量而对N_(2)O排放无显著影响。与LMT处理相比,玉米生长季内LMF处理土壤N_(2)O和NO排放量分别增加了76.92%和13.04%。SM和LMT处理青贮玉米产量和肥料氮利用率与NPK处理无显著差异,而LMF处理则显著降低肥料氮的利用率31.76%。综上,风沙土农田玉米季奶牛养殖场液体有机肥的推荐施用方案为:250 kg·hm^(-2)氮分1次基肥和2次追肥施用,基追比为40%∶20%∶40%,追施时间为玉米拔节期和大喇叭口期。这一方案既可以高效消纳奶牛养殖场粪水,又可降低N_(2)O和NO排放,实现青贮玉米生产与生态环境的双赢。In order to explore a suitable regional scheme for the nearby absorption of manure from large-scale dairy farms,and slow down the greenhouse gas emissions from farmlands,field in-situ experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of applying dairy effluent(liquid organic fertilizer)on N_(2)O and NO emissions and corn silage yields from aeolian sandy soil.The field experiment included five treatments:no fertilizer(CK),conventional chemical fertilizer(NPK),dairy manure as basal fertilizer and topdressing urea(SM),dairy effluent applied three times(LMT),and four times(LMF).The results showed that under the nitrogen rate of 250 kg·hm^(-2),compared with NPK treatment,the cumulative N_(2)O and NO emissions of SM treatment were reduced by 16.58%and 20.31%,respectively,and the LMT treatment by 39.59%and 30.02%,respectively.However,LMF treatment only reduced soil NO emissions,and had no significant impact on N_(2)O emissions.Compared with LMT treatment,the N_(2)O and NO emissions of LMF treatment increased by 76.92%and 13.04%,respectively during the maize growing season.The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of silage maize in the SM and LMT treatments were not significantly different from those under NPK,while the nitrogen use efficiency of dairy effluent was significantly reduced by 31.76%under LMF treatment.Overall,the recommended application scheme of liquid organic fertilizer in aeolian sandy soil is as follows:250 kg·hm^(-2) applied once as a base fertilizer and twice as a topdressing,the base to topdressing ratio is 40%∶20%∶40%,and the topdressing time is maize joint stage and big horn stage.This application mode can not only take advantage of large amounts of effluent from dairy farms,but also reduces N_(2)O and NO emissions,achieving a win-win situation between silage maize production and the ecological environment.

关 键 词：奶牛粪水 风沙土 N_(2)O排放 NO排放 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X144