新时期中国粮食安全主要挑战及应对策略  

Major Challenges and Coping Strategies for Food Security in China in the New Era

作　　者：罗海平[1] 黄彦平 张显未 Luo Haiping;Huang Yanping;Zhang Xianwei

机构地区：[1]南昌大学中国中部经济社会发展研究中心 [2]南昌大学经济管理学院,江西南昌330031 [3]深圳职业技术学院经济学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《新疆社会科学》2023年第4期31-43,154,155,共15页Social Sciences in Xinjiang

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“‘双安全’目标下我国粮食主产区的生态脆弱性预警与防控研究”(21BJL079);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“新时代经济特区与粤港澳大湾区高质量发展的制度成因及示范效应研究”(22JJD790055)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前中国在粮食生产、供需、贸易等层面仍存在较大粮食安全保障压力,其主要表现为:中国粮食生产遭遇增产瓶颈、种植成本持续上涨、水土资源约束及生态承载压力加剧等困境;粮食供需面临品种结构偏离、产销区域结构失衡等问题;粮食对外贸易中出现外粮依存度上升而国粮自给率下降、国际粮食贸易供应来源和运输路线过于集中、国际粮食贸易摩擦加剧、融入国际粮食治理体系受阻等难题。中国亟需从生产、供需和贸易三个维度构建高水平的粮食安全保障体系:牢牢守住耕地数量及质量红线、提高农业经营规模水平、加快农业科技研发推广,提升粮食可持续供给能力;优化粮食作物种植结构,破解粮食产销区域失衡难题;提升外粮资源自主管控能力、参与国际粮食安全治理,降低国际粮食供给输入性风险,全方位保障中国粮食安全可持续发展。At present,China is still under great pressure to ensure food security at the levels of food production,supply and demand,and trade,which is mainly manifested in:China's food production suffered a bottleneck in yield increase,the continuous rise in planting costs,soil and water resource constraints and ecological carrying pressure intensified and other difficulties;food supply and demand facing varieties of structural deviations,production and marketing of regional structural imbalances and other problems;food trade in foreign trade in the foreign grain dependence on the rise and the country's grain In foreign food trade,there are problems such as increasing dependence on foreign food and decreasing national food self-sufficiency rate,over-concentration of supply sources and transportation routes in international food trade,increasing friction in international food trade,and obstacles to integration into the international food governance system.China urgently needs to build a high-level food security system from the three dimensions of production,supply and demand,and trade:firmly guarding the red line of arable land quantity and quality,improving the scale of agricultural operations,and accelerating the research and development of agricultural science and technology,so as to enhance the ability of sustainable food supply;optimizing the structure of food crop cultivation,so as to solve the problem of the imbalance between food production and marketing regions;enhancing the ability of independent control of foreign food resources,and participating in the governance of international food security,so as to reduce the risk of the importation of international food supply.It is also necessary to improve the ability to independently control foreign food resources,participate in international food security governance,and reduce the risk of imported international food supply,to ensure the sustainable development of China's food security.

关 键 词：粮食安全 挑战 应对策略 粮食安全保障体系 

分 类 号：F303[经济管理—产业经济]