3种低温消毒剂的皮肤刺激性与眼刺激性研究  

Study on skin and ocular irritation of three cry genic disinfectants

作　　者：敬海明[1] 于礼[1] 刘娟 杨庆[1] JING Hai-ming;YU Li;LIU Juan;YANG Qing(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Bejing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京市食物中毒诊断溯源技术重点实验室,北京100013

出　　处：《毒理学杂志》2023年第3期199-203,共5页Journal of Toxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1602700,2018YFC1603102,2018YFC1602202)。

摘　　要：目的对市售的3种低温消毒剂(含氯型、过氧化氢及季铵盐)完整皮肤刺激性与眼刺激性进行毒理学评价与比较。方法按照《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)以及《消毒剂安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》(GB/T 38496-2020)中一次完整皮肤刺激试验、多次完整皮肤刺激试验以及急性眼刺激试验的操作程序及评价规定。结果3种低温消毒剂的一次完整皮肤刺激试验最高皮肤刺激指数均为1,刺激强度分级均为轻刺激性,但过氧化氢消毒剂的恢复时间(24 h)早于含氯型与季铵盐消毒剂(48 h);含氯型、过氧化氢及季铵盐消毒剂的多次完整皮肤刺激试验各时间段最高皮肤刺激指数分别为1.00、0.67与1.67,每天每只动物积分均值(刺激指数)分别为0.52、0.38与0.83,刺激反应分级为轻刺激性、无刺激性与轻刺激性;观察期内,3种低温消毒剂的急性眼刺激试验结膜充血平均评分最高均为2,眼刺激性反应分级均为轻刺激性,但过氧化氢消毒剂的恢复时间(72 h)早于含氯型与季铵盐消毒剂(7 d),而含氯型消毒剂滴眼后动物严重不适并伴有尖叫,冲洗后症状缓解。结论3种低温消毒剂对皮肤和眼均有轻微刺激性,建议完善相应的消毒指引,进一步规范操作与管理。Objective To evaluate and compare the toxicology of complete skin irritation and eye irritation of three cryogenic disinfectants(chlorine-containing,hydrogen peroxide and quaternary ammonium salt).Methods The operating procedures and evaluation of one complete skin irritation test,multiple complete skin irritation tests and acute eye irritation tests were in accordance with Technical Specification for Disinfection(2002 edition)and Procedures and Method for Toxicological Evaluation of disinfectant Safety(GB/T 38496-2020).Results The highest skin irritation index of the three cryogenic disinfectants was 1 in the one complete skin irritation test,and the classification of irritation intensity was light,but the recovery time of hydrogen peroxide disinfectants(24 h)was earlier than that of chlorine-containing and quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants(48 h).The maximum skin irritation index of chlorinated,hydrogen peroxide and quaternary ammonium salt were 1.00,0.67 and 1.67 in the multiple complete skin irritation test,respectively,and the average score(irritation index)of each animal was 0.52,0.38 and 0.83,respectively.The irritation reaction was classified into light,no and light irritation.During the observation period,the highest average score of conjunctival congestion in the acute eye irritation test of the three cryogenic disinfectants was 2,and the grade of eye irritation was light.However,the recovery time of hydrogen peroxide disinfectants(72 h)was earlier than that of chlorine-containing disinfectants and quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants(7 d),while the chlorine-containing disinfectants caused severe discomfort and screaming,and the symptoms were relieved after irrigation.Conclusion The three cryogenic disinfectants are mildly irritating to the skin and eyes.It is suggested to improve the corresponding disinfection guidelines and further standardize the operation and management.

关 键 词：低温消毒剂 完整皮肤刺激性 眼刺激性 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学] R99[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]