热丝辅助电弧增材Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与性能研究  

icrostructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy Fabricated by Hot-wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：闫杨予 胡锦龙 韩启飞 郭跃岭 苏江舟 何智[3] 王志敏[3] 刘长猛[1] YAN Yangyu;HU Jinlong;HAN Qifei;GUO Yueling;SU Jiangzhou;HE Zhi;WANG Zhimin;LIU Changmeng(Schoolof Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Schoolof Materials Science&Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Beijing Hangxing Machinery Manufacture Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100013)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [3]北京航星机器制造有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第11期242-252,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

摘　　要：电弧增材制造技术可以缩短生产周期,降低成本,实现铝合金的快速成形,但存在结构内部含有较多气孔及晶粒粗大的问题。热丝辅助电弧增材制造(HWAAM)可以有效降低气孔率和细化晶粒,进一步提高电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的性能。采用热丝电弧增材制造技术制备了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金,利用拉伸试验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等实验方法,研究了电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag铝合金的气孔缺陷、显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,与冷丝成形合金相比,热丝辅助电弧增材制造Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金气孔率降低25%,气孔球形度增加,空间分布较为均匀;同时晶粒尺寸降低30%,晶粒形貌趋于等轴晶化。冷丝结构件抗拉强度为218 MPa,屈服强度为134 MPa,延伸率为3.2%,使用热丝电弧增材制造后,力学性能提高,其抗拉强度提升至242 MPa,屈服强度提高至148 MPa,延伸率4.2%。最后,分别采用固溶+时效和人工时效热处理工艺,进一步改善了热丝辅助成形Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的力学性能。固溶与时效热处理后抗拉强度达到368 MPa,延伸率下降至0.5%,时效热处理后强度达到297 MPa,延伸率2.1%。Arc additive manufacturing technology can shorten the production cycle,reduce costs,and realize the rapid prototyping of aluminum alloys,but there are problems that the structure contains more pores and coarse grains.Hot-wire arc additive manufacturing(HWAAM)can effectively reduce porosity and refine grains,further improving the performance of arc additive manufacturing of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys.Hot-wire arc additive manufacturing is employed here to manufacture Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy.Their porosity,microstructure,and mechanical property were studied by tensile testing as well as scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope observations.Compared with cold-wire structure,hot-wire structure’s porosity decreases by 25%,the sphere of the pores increases,and the spatial distribution is relatively uniform.The size of the grain is reduced by 30%,and the grain morphology tends to be equal to the axial crystallization.The tensile strength of cold-wire structure is 218 MPa,yield strength is 134 MPa and its elongation after fracture is 3.2%.Upon HWAAM,the mechanical property is improved,with the tensile strength increasing to 242 MPa,the yield strength increasing to 148 MPa,and the elongation after fracture reaching 4.2%.Heat treatment is further employed to tune the mechanical property of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys via HWAAM.After using both solution treatment and aging treatment,the tensile strength reaches 368 MPa and the elongation after fracture decreases to 0.5%.After single aging treatment,its tensile strength reaches 297 MPa,with an elongation after fracture of 2.1%.

关 键 词：电弧增材制造 AL-CU-MG-AG合金 热处理 显微组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG444[金属学及工艺—焊接] TU512[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]