乡村旅游地生计路径演化过程与机理分析——以海口龙鳞村为例  

Rural Tourism Destinations'Livelihood Path Evolution and Its Mechanism:A Case Study of Longlin Village,Haikou

作　　者：张志明 陈海鹰[1,3] 戴健驰 盘毅 ZHANG Zhiming;CHEN Haiying;DAI Jianchi;PAN Yi(School of Tourism,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Guilin University of Technology at Nanning,Nanning 530001,China;Hainan Province Holistic Tourism Research Base,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学旅游学院,海南海口570228 [2]桂林理工大学南宁分校,广西南宁530001 [3]海南省全域旅游研究基地,海南海口570228

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2023年第7期97-112,共16页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“乡村性及其对乡村旅游的影响研究:认知模型构建和互馈机制解析”(41901176);海南省自然科学基金项目“面向游憩利用的海南热带雨林国家公园生态补偿机制优化研究”(721RC518);海南省教育厅研究生创新课题资助项目(Qhyb2022-29)共同资助。

摘　　要：行动者网络理论和路径依赖理论在解释行动者的关联性以及行动者对发展路径生成与演化作用方面,具有较强契合性。文章基于上述两个理论视角,运用质性研究方法,分析海口龙鳞村这一较早开发的乡村旅游地生计路径的演化过程与机理。研究发现:龙鳞村生计路径经历了乡村旅游依托型向乡村旅游脱离型的演化过程。在区政府、村委会、合作社与村民等行动者征召下,乡村旅游依托型生计发展阶段的行动者网络逐步形成;然而,受规划不足、产品低端、观念落后、管理不当等因素影响,行动者异议增多并陆续退出行动者网络。在农业种植政策扶持的转换动力影响下,行动者重组形成新的行动者网络,该村迈入乡村旅游脱离型生计发展道路。从路径依赖理论角度审视,该村生计路径的演化机理可从政策性契机诱发乡村旅游依托型生计路径生成、行动者关系嵌入助推乡村旅游依托型生计路径创造、多维结构脱嵌使乡村旅游依托型生计路径陷入负向锁定、理性收益决策解锁推动乡村旅游脱离型生计路径发展4个层面解读。该研究突破了以往多着眼于旅游系统自身的乡村旅游地生计路径研究视域,能为乡村旅游发展路径优化提供新的观察视角,并对乡村振兴战略背景下乡村生计路径探寻提供实践启示。Actor-network theory(ANT)and path dependence theory can be used to explain the relevance of actors and their role in the generation and evolution of development paths.To be specific,the ANT is suitable to explain the organization,connection and change of actors in path evolution.The path dependence theory focuses on analyzing how the actors promote the path evolution through correlation,and the mechanism of related driving factors.Therefore,there is a strong coherence between the two theories.Based on the above two theories and adopting qualitative research methods,this paper analyzes Longlin village's livelihood path evolution and its mechanism,a rural tourism destination developed earlier in Haikou,capital of south China's Hainan province.The results show that:The livelihoods of rural households in the village were first dependent on rural tourism and then no longer relied on it.In the evolution of the two livelihood paths,actors respectively sought sustainable livelihoods suitable to their conditions with a focus on two interest linkage points.When the rural livelihoods depended on tourism development,actors such as the district government and relevant departments,the village committee,and villagers paid their attention to an interest linkage point of increasing villagers'income and achieving prosperity by developing rural tourism.Through enrollment and mobilization,actors formed interrelated actor networks through benefit giving.However,insufficient planning,low-end products,outdated concepts,and improper management,among others,led to increasing objections among actors who then gradually withdrew from the network.Affected by the transformation forces such as agricultural planting supporting policies,the actors restructured and formed a new actor network around a linkage point of increasing villagers'income and achieving prosperity by cultivating cash crops,embarking on a livelihood path that no longer relies on rural tourism.From the perspective of the path dependence theory,the internal mechanism of the abo

关 键 词：乡村旅游地 生计路径 行动者网络理论 路径依赖理论 龙鳞村 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]