飞行学员基础+G_(z)耐力测试与相关因素分析  

Examination of flying cadets′relaxed+G_(z) tolerance and analysis of related factors

作　　者：卫晓阳 李宝辉 徐艳 蒋科 金朝 杨景慧 王红 耿喜臣 张立辉 李毅峰 张小雪 杨明浩 Wei Xiaoyang;Li Baohui;Xu Yan;Jiang Ke;Jin Zhao;Yang Jinghui;Wang Hong;Geng Xichen;Zhang Lihui;Li Yifeng;Zhang Xiaoxue;Yang Minghao(Department of Acceleration Physiology Research,Air Force Medical Center,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心加速度生理研究室,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2023年第1期7-12,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：军队后勤科研重点项目(BKJ20J005)。

摘　　要：目的测试飞行学员的基础+G_(z)耐力,并对影响其抗荷能力的相关因素进行调查分析,为提升飞行学员抗荷能力与改进训练方法提供依据。方法采用整群抽样法,选取57名健康男性飞行学员进行抗荷能力测试,测试指标包括离心机基础+G_(z)耐力、双下肢最大蹬力、最大呼气压力(maximal expiratory pressure,MEP)及最大吸气压力(maximum inspiratory pressure,MIP)。根据基础+G_(z)耐力高低分组;基础+G_(z)耐力较低组内按耐力终点视觉有无变化进行分组。按双下肢最大蹬力的水平高低分组。采用问卷调查方式了解离心机测试情况及飞行学员平时体能训练情况,根据问卷结果,按有氧训练强度分为低训练组(≤3次/周)与高训练组(>3次/周)。结果飞行学员的离心机基础+G_(z)耐力测试结果为3.5 G和4.0 G 2个水平,平均为(3.56±0.17)G;双下肢最大蹬力平均为(449.3±105.6)kgf(1 kgf=9.806 N),MEP平均为(20.1±3.5)kPa,MIP平均为(10.5±2.3)kPa。基础+G_(z)耐力4.0 G组的MEP高于3.5 G组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.08,P=0.043)。基础+G_(z)耐力3.5 G的飞行学员中,视觉无变化组的MEP高于视觉变化组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.35,P=0.023)。高蹬力组(≥449.3 kgf)的基础+G_(z)耐力高于低蹬力组(<449.3 kgf),差异有统计学意义(t=2.20,P=0.035)。66.7%的学员以前未学过正确的抗荷动作;91.2%的学员进行长跑训练;82.5%的学员进行力量训练;57.9%的学员进行下肢力量训练,但其中45.6%的人不清楚每个肌群力量的正确训练方法。有氧训练的高训练组MEP高于低训练组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.25,P=0.002);高训练组双下肢最大蹬力低于低训练组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.35,P=0.022)。结论飞行学员的抗荷能力在离心机上表现不佳,应该尽可能提早安排初次飞行前的离心机体验与训练,同时加强以力量训练为主的抗荷体能训练。Objective To provide references for promoting the anti-G ability of flying cadets and improving the training methods by testing the flying cadets′relaxed+G_(z)tolerance and analyzing the related factors.Methods Fifty-seven healthy male flying cadets were tested for anti-G ability by cluster sampling.The indicators included relaxed+G_(z)tolerance,maximal pedal force of lower limbs,maximal expiratory pressure(MEP)and maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP).The subjects were divided into high and low tolerance groups,and the low tolerance group was divide into 2 groups by judging if they were with or without visual change.The subjects were divided into high and low limbs strength groups by measured maximal pedal force.The questionnaire was used to get the information of human centrifuge test and the physical training of flying cadets at ordinary time.According to the results of the questionnaires,the subjects were divided into low strength(≤3 times/week)and high strength(>3 times/week)physical training groups by aerobic training intensity.Results Relaxed+G_(z)tolerance test results of the flying cadets were 3.5 G and 4.0 G,with an average of(3.56±0.17)G.Maximal pedal force of lower limbs was averagely(449.3±105.6)kgf(1 kgf=9.806 N).MEP was averagely(20.1±3.5)kPa.MIP was averagely(10.5±2.3)kPa.MEP of 4.0 G group was higher than that of 3.5 G group,and the difference was significant(t=2.08,P=0.043).In the subjects of 3.5 G relaxed+G_(z)tolerance,MEP of unchanged vision group was higher than that of changed vision group,and the difference was significant(t=2.35,P=0.023).Relaxed+G_(z)tolerance of high pedal force group(≥449.3 kgf)was higher than that of low pedal force group(<449.3 kgf),and the difference was significant(t=2.20,P=0.035).66.7%of the subjects did not learn correct anti-G maneuver;91.2%of the subjects took long-distance running;82.5%of the subjects took strength training;57.9%of the subjects did lower limbs strength training,but 45.6%of them did not understand the correct methods of training muscle gro

关 键 词：加速度 超重力 身体耐力 问卷调查 体能训练 飞行学员 

分 类 号：R851[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]