2016-2020年西双版纳州乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果评估  

Evaluation on the effect of immunization with hepatitis B vaccine in healthy people in Xishuangbanna Prefecture,2016-2020

作　　者：赵双燕 李欣璐 李立群[3] 陆大卓 张建中 李海艳 李园园 胡筱莛 Zhao Shuangyan;Li Xinlu;Li Liqun;Lu Dazhuo;Zhang Jianzhong;Li Haiyan;Li Yuanyuan;Hu Xiaoting(Department of Immunization Programme,Xishuangbanna Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinghong 666100,China;School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650034,China;Department of Disease Control,Xishuangbanna Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinghong 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]西双版纳傣族自治州疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,景洪666100 [2]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,昆明650500 [3]云南省疾病预防控制中心,昆明650034 [4]西双版纳傣族自治州疾病预防控制中心疾病控制科,景洪666100

出　　处：《国际生物制品学杂志》2023年第3期141-145,共5页International Journal of Biologicals

摘　　要：目的了解西双版纳州乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种情况,评价乙肝预防效果,为制定免疫策略提供依据.方法采取分层整群抽样法抽取西双版纳州3个县(市)0~34岁健康人群对象,收集其乙肝疫苗接种史,采集静脉血,用ELISA检测血清标志物乙肝表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)和乙肝表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,HBsAb).阳性率的比较采用卡方检验.结果2016-2020年西双版纳州报告乙肝病例1647例,年平均发病率35.48/10万.乙肝疫苗估算首针接种及时率为47.98%,全程接种率为55.26%.3956名调查对象中,HBsAg和HBsAb阳性率分别为2.10%(95%置信区间:1.65%~2.54%)和65.72%(95%置信区间:65.24%~67.20%).HBsAb阳性率男性高于女性,城区人群高于乡镇,且差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为18.35、4.48,P值均<0.05).3个县(市)HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.51,P<0.01).结论西双版纳州农村人群乙肝免疫基础较为薄弱.薄弱地区应加强乙肝疫苗免疫接种工作,提高乙肝疫苗的接种率,做好乙肝疫苗免疫强化,完善慢性HBV感染者筛检、诊断、抗病毒治疗等综合防控措施.Objective To investigate the vaccination rate and evaluate the immunoprophylaxis effect of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB)in Xishuangbanna Prefecture,in order to set up an evidence-based strategy for prevention and control of hepatitis B.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select healthy people aged 0-34 years from 3 counties(city)in Xishuangbanna Prefecture.Their HepB vaccination history was collected and venous blood was sampled.ELISA was used for qualitative analysis of serum markers hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb).Chisquare test was used to compare positivity rates.Results From 2016 to 2020,there were a total of 1647 cases of hepatitis B in Xishuangbanna,with an average annual incidence of 35.48/100000.The rate of timely HepB primary immunization was 47.98%and that of complete immunization was 55.26%.In the 3956 subjects surveyed,the positivity rates of HBsAg and HBsAb were 2.10%[95%confidence interval(CI):1.65%-2.54%]and 65.72%(95%CI:65.24%-67.20%),respectively.The positivity rate of HBsAb in male population was statistically significantly higher than that in female population,and higher in city population than in rural population(χ^(2)=18.35 and 4.48,respectively,both P<0.05).The positivity rates of HBsAg were statistically significantly different among 3 counties(city)(χ^(2)=11.51,P<0.01).Conclusions The HepB immunity in Xishuangbanna Prefecture is weaker among rural population.The weak regions should strengthen HepB immunization to improve the vaccination coverage,strengthen boost immunization,and improve comprehensive prevention and control measures such as screening,diagnosis and antiviral treatment for chronic HBV infectecl persons.

关 键 词：肝炎疫苗 乙型 肝炎表面抗原 乙型 肝炎抗体 乙型 接种 发病率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]