添加腐殖酸对猪粪/玉米秸秆厌氧发酵中铜、锌钝化效果的影响  

Effect of adding humic acid on the passivation of copper and zinc during anaerobic digestion of pig manure/corn stover

作　　者：薛锦辉 赵斌成 毛林强 彭明国 张文艺 XUE Jinhui;ZHAO Bincheng;MAO Linqiang;PENG Mingguo;ZHANG Wenyi(School of Environmental&Safety Engineering,Changzhou University,Changzhou,213164,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学环境与安全工程学院,常州213164

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第7期2431-2441,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2020761);常州市科技计划项目(CE20215010)资助.

摘　　要：针对畜禽饲料添加蓝矾或称胆矾(CuSO_(4)·5H_(2)O)、皓矾(ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)等重金属化合物,引起畜禽粪便重金属污染风险,本研究通过构建以猪粪/玉米秸秆为发酵原料、腐殖酸为钝化剂的发酵系统,考察添加腐殖酸对猪粪/玉米秸秆厌氧发酵过程中产气量、重金属(Cu、Zn)形态变化及沼渣光谱特性的影响.结果表明,添加的腐殖酸对猪粪/玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产气具有显著促进作用,添加腐殖酸样本组(编号:F1、F2、F3)较未添加组(编号:CK)的累积产气量分别提高了19.81%、28.44%、50.25%;通过BCR提取法分析沼渣中的Cu、Zn形态动态变化,显示添加腐殖酸有利于Cu、Zn的有效态向稳定态转化,F3中Cu、Zn有效态转化为稳定态的效果最佳;显著性分析表明F3中Cu、Zn的钝化效果最佳,Cu、Zn的钝化效果分别为58.72%、17.95%,显著优于其他处理组;腐殖酸对Cu的钝化效果整体优于Zn;FTIR结果显示,厌氧发酵后各处理组沼渣中碳水化合物、脂肪族化合物等有机物分解、减少,芳香族化合物等腐殖质含量增多,且F3中腐殖化程度最高.因此添加适量腐殖酸有利于降低Cu、Zn的生物有效性,提高腐殖化程度,可为降低猪粪中重金属Cu、Zn有效性、降低重金属污染风险和提高发酵质量提供技术指导.The introduction of heavy metal compounds,such as blue vitriol(CuSO_(4)·5H_(2)O)and halo alum(ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O),in the livestock and poultry feeds could bring heavy metal pollution risk from livestock manure.This study established an anaerobic digestion system using pig manure/corn stalk and humic acid as fermentation raw materials and the passivator respectively.Effects of adding humic acid on the gas production,state transformation of heavy metals(Cu,Zn)and the spectral characteristics of the biogas residue were examined.The results show that the addition of humic acid can promote significantly gas production during the anaerobic digestion of pig manure/corn stover.The sample group with humic acid(serial number:F1,F2,F3)increased by 19.81%,28.44%,and 50.25%comparing with the group without humic acid(serial number:CK).The state transformation of Cu and Zn is analyzed by BCR extraction method,adding humic acid is beneficial to the conversion of Cu and Zn from effective state to stable state,and conversion ratios of Cu and Zn from effective state to the stable state in F3 is maximum.Significance analysis shows that Cu and Zn have the best passivation effects in F3.58.72%and 17.95%of Cu and Zn are passivated,the passivation of Cu by humic acid is better than Zn.FTIR results showed that organic matter in the biogas residue of each treatment group,such as carbohydrates and aliphatic compounds,decomposed accompanying with the increase in the content of humus such as aromatic compounds,and the degree of humification in F3 was the highest.Therefore,adding an appropriate amount of humic acid is beneficial to reduce the bioavailability of Cu and Zn and promote the humification degree.This study can provide technical guidance for reducing the effectiveness and pollution risk of Cu and Zn in pig manure and improving anaerobic digestion efficiency.

关 键 词：猪粪 厌氧发酵 重金属形态 腐殖酸 FTIR. 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]