美国公共图书馆运营管理外包的实践与反思  

Practice and Reflection of Public Library Management Outsourcing in the U.S.

作　　者：张思梦 傅文奇[2] Zhang Simeng;Fu Wenqi

机构地区：[1]福建林业职业技术学院图书馆 [2]福建师范大学图书馆学系

出　　处：《图书馆建设》2023年第2期170-181,共12页Library Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“公共文化视角下政府购买图书馆服务的风险控制研究”的成果之一,项目编号:20BTQ001。

摘　　要：采用文献法和调查法对美国公共图书馆运营管理外包的历史演进、法律政策、外包模式以及外包效果进行调研可以发现,美国图书馆运营管理外包实践在购买流程透明度、政府责任尺度、图书馆服务专业性等方面存在问题,存在的广泛争论反映了西方政府从公共服务效率观向公共价值观的理念深层次转变。节约成本、效率优先是美国政府购买图书馆服务治理的改革起点,这与我国现阶段意在通过政府购买服务丰富公共文化服务提供渠道、满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要形成明显差异。我国在借鉴美国经验教训的同时,应从购买政策层面细化相关法律政策设计,明确多元主体责任本位原则;购买过程层面提升利益相关者协同配合能力,全方位保障图书馆服务均等化的实现;购买监管层面完善监管服务体系,确保公共文化价值的实现,进而提升公共图书馆服务水平,助力公共文化服务均等化的最终实现。By document analysis and survey methods,public library management outsourcing in the U.S.is studied in aspects of historical evolution,legal policies,outsourcing modes and effects.It is found that the outsourcing practice has problems in purchasing process transparency,government responsibilty,and professional library services.The extensive debates reflect the transformation of western governments transforming from focusing on public service eficiency to public values.The original intention of the U.S.government purchasing library service governance is cost saving and eficiency priority,which is obviously diferent from China's current goal of enriching public cultural service delivery channels through government purchasing services and meeting the increasing needs for a better life.Based on experiences of the U.S.,we should refine the design of purchasing laws and policies,and clarify the principle of multi-subject responsibility standard.In the purchasing process,stakeholders should enhance their cooperation to ensure the realization of equal library services.The purchasing supervision service system should be established to realize public cultural value,so as to improve public library service and promote the ultimate realization of equalization of public cultural services.

关 键 词：公共图书馆 运营管理外包 政府购买服务 公共文化 美国 

分 类 号：G251[文化科学—图书馆学]