中国现代文体谱系中的“短篇小说”  

“Short Story”in the Genealogy of Modern Chinese Literary Genre

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作  者:周海波[1] Zhou Haibo(College of Literature and Journalism,Qingdao University,Qingdao Shandong,266071)

机构地区:[1]青岛大学文学与新闻传播学院,山东青岛266071

出  处:《山东师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2023年第3期24-34,共11页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基  金:国家社科基金重大项目“中国现代文学文体理论整理汇编与研究(1902—1949)”(17ZDA275)的阶段性成果。

摘  要:“短篇小说”是一个颇具文体学意义的概念。从其生成、发展、演化的角度来看,中国现代短篇小说的走过了从寄生文体到独立文体的创造之路。经过几代学者、作家从理论到实践的努力,形成了具有独立文体意义的短篇小说。小说或者短篇小说是否文学的问题,向来意见分歧较大,梁启超提倡的“新小说”,试图将中西方文体融为一体,重新定义小说在文学中的位置。胡适、鲁迅的出场,带给短篇小说新的特质。有关小说是否文学的问题,也体现在相关机构的职能及其对待小说的态度方面,教育部通俗文学研究会和北京大学国文门研究所小说科的机构设立,为短篇小说的最后成立提供了保障。在理论与创作方面,短篇小说注重融合各种文学手段,以背离故事性的方式重构叙事且逐步走向文学的创作性,形成了将篇幅短小、情节简洁、结构精巧与叙事性、通俗性和创作性杂糅一体的文体特征。“Short Story”is rather a concept with stylistic significance.From the perspective of generation,development and evolution,the modern Chinese short story has gone through the path of creation from a parasitic genre to an independent genre.Through the efforts of several generations of scholars and literary writers from theory to creation,the short story with independent genre significance has been formed.To the question whether the novel or short story was literature there has always been a great disagreement.The“new novel”advocated by Liang Qichao attempted to redefine the position of the novel in literature by integrating Chinese and Western genres into one.The appearance of Hu Shi and Lu Xun brought a new quality to the short story.Questions about whether the novel was literature were also reflected in the functions of the relevant institutions and their attitudes toward the novel.The institutional establishment of the Society for the Study of Popular Literature at the Ministry of Education and the Novel Section at the National Institute for the Study of Literature at Peking University provided guarantee for the final establishment of the short story.In recent times,in terms of theory and creation,the short story focuses on incorporating various literary devices,reconstructs narration in a way that departs from storytelling,and gradually moves toward the creative nature of literature,forming a genre characterized by a mixture of being short in length,simple and clear in plot,exquisite in structure as well as being narrative,popular and creative.

关 键 词:短篇小说 文体谱系 文体建构 创作性 

分 类 号:I206[文学—中国文学]

 

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