基于最小数据集的典型绿洲农田土壤质量评价  

Assessing Soil Quality in Oasis Ecosystems Using a Minimum Dataset

作　　者：周文宇 杨小虎 杨海昌[1] 张凤华[1] ZHOU Wenyu;YANG Xiaohu;YANG Haichang;ZHANG Fenghua(Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第7期117-122,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167036);兵团科技计划项目(2022ZD055);自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02020-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于最小数据集对新疆莫索湾灌区农田土壤质量进行评价。【方法】利用GPS定位和随机均匀抽样的方式采集新疆莫索湾灌区内共50个土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮、pH值、EC、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)共13项指标,采用主成分分析和聚类分析分别构建最小数据集,基于土壤综合指数法对新疆莫索湾灌区农田土壤质量进行评价,并比较主成分分析和聚类分析得出的结果与灌区土壤实际条件的符合程度。【结果】莫索湾灌区农田土壤有机质量较少,碱解氮量较低,速效磷量和速效钾量较为丰富但分布不均;盐分空间分布差异大,土壤盐碱化程度高。大部分土壤质量处于中等偏下水平,且土壤质量差异较大。主成分分析法得出的评价结果更符合莫索湾灌区土壤质量的实际条件。【结论】新疆莫索湾灌区土壤质量水平总体较差,采用不同分析方法对其进行评价,主成分分析法最合理,聚类分析法次之。【Objective】Ensuring and enhancing soil quality is of paramount importance for developing sustainable agriculture,and soil quality assessment has gained significant attention globally.This paper aims to propose an appropriate method for evaluating soil quality in the Mosuowan irrigation region of Xinjiang,in northwestern China.【Method】Fifty soil samples were taken from random locations determined with the help of GPS.For each sample,we measured organic matter,available phosphorus and potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,pH,EC,K^(+),Ca^(2+),Na^(+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-).Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to find the minimum dataset required to evaluate soil quality,and the soil quality was calculated using the comprehensive quality index method.【Result】Soil organic matter content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were low in the studied region.Available phosphorus and available potassium were abundant but distributed unevenly.The salt content showed significant spatial variation.Soil quality varied substantially in the region,but was below moderate level in most areas.Results obtained from the principal component analysis were more accurate and aligned with ground-true data.【Conclusion】The overall soil quality in the Mosuowan irrigation region is poor,and the principal component analysis is more accurate than the cluster analysis for evaluating soil quality.

关 键 词：土壤质量评价 最小数据集 主成分分析 聚类分析 莫索湾灌区 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]