稀土废石墨浮选工艺研究  

Study on Flotation Process of Rare Earth Waste Graphite

作　　者：陈喜平 申振芳 李娜 轩红伟 张凯 马卓 CHEN Xiping;SHEN Zhenfang;LI Na;XUAN Hongwei;ZHANG Kai;MA Zhuo(School of Material Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学材料科学与工程学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2023年第4期38-43,共6页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：郑州大学科研发展基金项目(25124510001)。

摘　　要：稀土是我国的战略资源,在国民经济中占据非常重要的地位。电解工艺是生产稀土金属与合金的主要工艺。废石墨是稀土电解的废料,每吨金属约产生50~100 kg废料,每年由于稀土电解造成的稀土损失约6650 t。稀土废石墨中稀土含量约5%,有较大的回收价值。以南方某大型稀土企业生产过程中产生的稀土废石墨为原料,依据其表面物理化学性质的差异,采用浮选的方法研究稀土废石墨的浮选性能,实现石墨与稀土的分离。对比了不同药剂的浮选效果,重点考察了采用Ⅱ代改良药剂后液固比、浮选时间、药剂添加比、搅拌速率等因素对浮选效果的影响,确定在液固比12:1~15:1,药剂添加比为9.3‰~9.5‰,浮选时间3.3~4 h,搅拌速率200~250 r/min的条件下,石墨收率达到了80%~85%,浮选效果较好,从而将浮选槽底流富矿和溢流石墨回收,最终实现了难处理稀土废石墨中稀土熔盐与石墨的分离,缩短了工艺流程,降低了生产成本,同时对环境不会造成任何污染。Rare earth is a strategic resource in China,which occupies a very important position in the national economy.Electrolytic process is the main process for the production of rare earth metals and alloys.The waste graphite is the waste of rare earth electrolysis,each ton of metal produces about 50—100kg waste,and the loss of rare earth is about 6650tons every year.The content of rare earth in waste graphite is about 5%,which has great recovery value.According to the difference of surface physical and chemical properties,the flotation performance of waste graphite was studied by flotation method,and the separation of graphite and rare earth was realized.The flotation effects of different reagents were compared,and the effects of liquid-solid ratio,flotation time,reagent addition ratio and stirring speed on the flotation effect after adopting theⅡgeneration improved reagent were investigated.results showed that under the conditions of liquid-solid ratio of 12:1-15:1,reagent addition ratio of 9.3‰-9.5‰,flotation time of 3.3-4hand stirring rate of 200-250r/min,the graphite recovery reached 80%-85%and the flotation effect was good,thus the underflow rich ore and overflow graphite were recovered.Finally,the rare earth molten salt and graphite in refractory rare earth waste graphite were separated,which shortened the process,reduced the production cost,and did not cause any pollution to the environment.

关 键 词：稀土废石墨 回收 浮选 改良药剂 

分 类 号：TD954[矿业工程—选矿]