微生物法修复铀污染环境研究进展  

Research Progress on Microbial Remediation ofUranium-contaminated Environment

作　　者：李龙祥 周仲魁[1,2] 张益硕 孙占学[1,2] LI Long-xiang;ZHOU Zhong-kui;ZHANG Yi-shuo;SUN Zhan-xue(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2023年第8期129-138,共10页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41662024);江西省重点研发计划重点项目(20212BBG71011);东华理工大学研究生创新基金资助项目(YC2020-S503)。

摘　　要：随着我国核工业的快速发展,铀资源的开采量不断增加,由此带来铀尾矿的大量堆积,导致铀及其化合物在周围生态环境中的含量迅速增加,对环境造成污染。因此,如何安全、高效治理铀污染环境,已成为亟需解决的环境科学与工程问题。传统针对铀污染环境的修复技术多采用物理、化学等方法,但这些修复技术具有成本高、易造成环境二次污染的局限性,而微生物修复技术的出现,可为铀污染环境的修复提供一种绿色、经济、稳定及可持续的修复方法。首先介绍了铀在环境中的危害,详细阐述了铀污染环境微生物修复技术的机制,并分析了其修复铀污染环境的影响因素,最后指出了铀污染环境微生物修复技术目前存在的问题,并对其进行了展望。With the rapid development of nuclear industry in China,the exploitation of uranium resources keeps increasing,which brings a large amount of uranium tailings accumulation,resulting in the rapid increase of uranium and its compounds in the surrounding environment,and causing environmental pollution.Therefore,how to deal with uranium pollution safely and efficiently has become an environmental problem that cannot be ignored.The traditional remediation technologies for uranium polluted environment mostly adopt physical,chemical and other methods,but these remediation technologies have the limitations of high cost and easy to cause secondary environmental pollution.The emergence of microbial remediation technology can provide a green,economic,stable and sustainable remediation method for uranium polluted environment.Firstly,the harm of uranium in the environment was introduced,the mechanism of microbial remediation technology of uranium polluted environment was elaborated,and the influencing factors of microbial remediation technology of uranium polluted environment were analyzed.Finally,the existing problems of microbial remediation technology of uranium polluted environment were pointed out,and the prospect was put forward,which provides a direction for further optimization of uranium pollution remediation technology.

关 键 词：铀污染 环境修复 微生物 机制 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]