黄条鰤胚胎发育和早期仔鱼生长的温盐适应特性  

The Ecological and Physiological Responses of Embryonic Development and Early Larval Growth of Seriola aureovittata to Temperature and Salinity

作　　者：徐永江[1] 崔爱君 姜燕[1] 王滨[1] 周鹤庭 柳学周[1] 刘新富[1] XU Yongjiang;CUI Aijun;JIANG Yan;WANG Bin;ZHOU Heting;LIU Xuezhou;LIU Xinfu(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业、农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室、青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室深蓝渔业工程联合实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第4期45-54,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2401102,2019YFD0900901);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室“十四五”重大项目(2022QNLM30001-1);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD47);农业农村部财政专项–海洋渔业生物资源收集与保藏项目;财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-47)共同资助。

摘　　要：采用实验生态学、形态测度和分子生物学的方法,研究了温度、盐度对大洋性经济鱼类黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)胚胎孵化率、初孵仔鱼畸形率、内源性营养吸收利用、生长基因表达、存活指数(SAI)和饥饿不可逆点(PNR)的影响,并对早期仔鱼活力进行了评价。结果显示,在最适水温20~22℃条件下,胚胎孵化率最高,达75%~81%,且初孵仔鱼畸形率低于6.7%,胚胎发育的温度系数Q10值最接近2,且初孵仔鱼全长和卵黄囊体积最大。受精卵在盐度>30时漂浮在水面,而在盐度为20~25时悬浮在水中,在盐度为10~15时下沉于水底部。受精卵胚胎发育的最适盐度范围为30~35,胚胎孵化率达79%~80%,初孵仔鱼畸形率低于6.0%。在4个不同温度条件下(18、20、22、24℃)初孵仔鱼卵黄囊吸收利用速率随着温度的升高而加快。不同盐度条件下,初孵仔鱼的SAI值表明,盐度为30~35时,仔鱼的SAI值较高且峰值出现在盐度为30组,而盐度为10组仔鱼SAI值最低。在水温为20~22℃时,6 d仔鱼的初次摄食率最高(78%),PNR出现在7~8 d。初孵仔鱼在水温为20~24℃、盐度为30~35条件下,IGF-1 mRNA表达水平显著高于其他实验组。饥饿条件下,IGF-1 mRNA在饥饿后第2天显著升高,其后在第3~4天显著下降,但仍保持较高表达水平,随着饥饿的进行继续下降至显著低于开口期表达水平。本研究明确了黄条鰤受精卵孵化的最适温度为20~22℃、最适盐度为30~35,并建立了初孵仔鱼活力评价的指标,研究结果可为建立规范化的黄条鰤胚胎孵化和苗种培育技术提供依据。Yellowtail kingfish,Seriola aureovittata,is a long-distance migratory oceanic species belonging to the Carangidae family of Perciformes,which has a global distribution and inhabits temperate and subtropical marine waters.S.aureovittata is large in size,has a fast growth rate,and is highly favored by international consumers owing to its excellent flesh taste,nutritional quality,and economic value.Furthermore,it is a promising candidate for the global farming industry and is particularly suitable for rapidly developed open ocean aquaculture in China.Currently,yellowtail kingfish aquaculture occurs in over 10 countries including Japan,Australia,New Zealand,South Africa,Chile,Greece,Holland,USA,Mexico,and China.In 2017,a great breakthrough in seedling production of S.aureovittata was achieved,and currently juveniles are mass-produced in China by combining the“engineering pond”and“land based indoor tanks”modes,which led to the rapid development of the Seriola fish farming industry in China.Nowadays,Seriola species are farmed in Liaoning Province,Fujian Province,and Shandong Province of China,and the combined annual farming yield is approximately 500 tons.However,we found that during seedling production of S.aureovittata,especially at the early larval growth stage,the hatching rate of eggs was variable among different spawning batches,and the survival of early larvae was low especially when the larvae reached 8~10 d post hatching.Occasionally,the high total death rate was attributed to the sudden“sinking death”of larvae,which may have been caused by stress as a result of changes in environmental factors.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the ecological and physiological effects of environmental factors,especially temperature and salinity fluctuations,on the early life stages of S.aureovittata under artificial breeding conditions.In the present study,the effects of two key environmental factors,temperature and salinity,on embryonic development and early larval growth of S.aureovittata were investigated u

关 键 词：黄条鰤 胚胎发育 仔鱼生长 水温 盐度 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]