2种饵料模式对稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹幼蟹养殖性能和生理代谢的影响  

Effects of Two Feeding Modes on the Culture Performance and Physiological Metabolism of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)Reared in Rice Fields

作　　者：杨帅帅 朱筛成 张冬冬 潘祯祥 李嘉尧[1] 吴旭干[1,2,3] 郑善玉 YANG Shuaishuai;ZHU Shaicheng;ZHANG Dongdong;PAN Zhenxiang;LI Jiayao;WU Xugan;ZHENG Shanyu(Shanghai Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology Research Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Aquatic Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Huaiyin District,Huaian 223300,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [4]淮安市淮阴区农业农村局,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第4期188-200,共13页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部和国家发改委产业强镇项目(发改农经2019-245);外交部亚洲合作资金项目(125A0607);安徽省中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(01907d06020008)共同资助。

摘　　要：为优化稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹的饵料模式,本研究分别采用配合饲料和传统饵料(豆粕、麸皮、玉米和小麦)投喂稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹幼蟹152d,每种投喂组各3个重复,比较2种饵料模式对幼蟹养殖性能、蛋白质代谢、消化酶、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。结果显示,配合饲料组的雌蟹和雄蟹体质量均高于传统饵料组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);就养殖性能而言,2种饵料模式下,配合饲料组正常幼蟹的平均体质量及产量、1龄早熟蟹平均体质量及其产量、总产量和成活率均略高于传统饵料组,饵料系数显著低于传统饵料组(P<0.05);就蛋白质代谢而言,配合饲料组雌蟹和雄蟹血淋巴中的总蛋白含量显著高于传统饵料组(P<0.05),而传统饵料组雄蟹血淋巴中的尿素氮含量和肝胰腺中的谷草转氨酶活力显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);配合饲料组雌蟹和雄蟹肝胰腺中的脂肪酶均显著高于传统饵料组(P<0.05),而雄蟹的α-淀粉酶活力显著低于传统饵料组;配合饲料组的雌蟹血淋巴中总抗氧化能力、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶活力和肝胰腺中酸性磷酸酶活力均显著高于传统饵料组(P<0.05)。综上所述,投喂配合饲料可以提高稻田扣蟹的养殖性能、促进蛋白质沉积和脂类吸收、增强幼蟹抗氧化和免疫能力、提高蟹种质量。The Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)is an important economic crab in China.Across most of China,juvenile Chinese mitten crabs are cultured in earthen ponds.Juvenile crab cultured in rice fields is mainly restricted to the northeastern region.Rice-crab coculture is a new mode of sustainable development,which has developed over the past 30 years in China with progress in field engineering,culture density of the Chinese mitten crab,and ecological benefits.However,there are no reports on appropriate feeds in rice-crab coculture.Presently,crabs reared in an earthen pond consume a traditional diet(including soybean meal,corn,bran,and wheat)or formulated feed.Due to the numerous advantages of formulated feed(including comprehensive nutrition,stable quality,and ease of feeding)the development of practical and cheap formulated feed for Chinese mitten crab is the latest focus for promoting the sustainable development of the Chinese mitten crab industry.Although researchers have developed a series of formulated feed for Chinese mitten crab,traditional feed is more commonly used in the culture of Chinese mitten crab due to farmers feeding habits and the low price of traditional products.However,numerous studies have shown that feeding Chinese mitten crabs formulated diets has many advantages,for example:it improves the survival rate,reduces the early maturity rate,improves non-specific immunity and disease resistance of juvenile crabs,improves the quality and culture performance of crab species,and economic benefits,etc.However,research were usually conducted under indoor or pond culture conditions.The culture environment of rice fields and ponds are quite different to each other.The feed sources and environmental stress on juvenile crabs may also be quite different between the culture environments.Therefore,it is important to explore the feeding mode of juvenile crabs cultured in rice fields.However,the optimum feed and the effect of different diets on the growth and physiological metabolism of Chinese mitten crab re

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 稻蟹共生 饵料模式 养殖性能 生理代谢 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]