海带孢子囊发育过程中的形态结构与生理生化变化研究  

The Morphological Structure,Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Sorus Development of Saccharina japonica

作　　者：刘义 梁洲瑞[1] 张朋艳 袁艳敏 吴宇坤 段茂宏 刘福利 戴宏亮 LIU Yi;LIANG Zhourui;ZHANG Pengyan;YUAN Yanmin;WU Yukun;DUAN Maohong;LIU Fuli;DAI Hongliang(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266071,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Education,College of Marine Life Science,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Yantai Fenghong Marine Seeds Co.,LTD,Yantai 265617,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院海洋生物遗传学与育种教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [3]烟台丰泓海洋苗业有限公司,山东烟台265617

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第4期212-222,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2021LZGC004);国家藻类产业技术体系(CARS-50)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究以海带(Saccharina japonica)杂交品系“玉带1号”为研究对象,根据孢子囊形成过程中的外观形态,将孢子囊形成与发育过程分为5个阶段,系统观察了孢子囊形成过程中的外观形态和组织结构变化,研究了孢子囊发育不同阶段生理生化特征的变化规律。结果显示,在孢子囊发育过程中,孢子体表面依次出现光滑、磨砂、突起、破皮和光滑等表观现象,伴随着表皮细胞的突起、隔丝的伸长、孢子母细胞的分化与发育,以及游孢子的形成和释放等组织变化过程;另外,在孢子囊发育过程中,海带孢子体对氮的积累持续增加,蛋白含量呈先显著增加到释放游孢子阶段又有所降低的趋势;过氧化氢(H2O_(2))和超氧阴离子含量的变化趋势相似,在孢子囊形成初期,其含量呈先上升到后期又有所下降;不同抗氧化酶在孢子囊形成过程中的活性变化存在差异,其中,超氧化物歧化酶(MDA)活性总体呈下降趋势,而抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化;在孢子囊发育过程中,1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性呈先降低后升高的趋势,苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性无显著变化。本研究有助于加深对海带杂交品种孢子囊形成过程及生理生化特征的理解,可为海带杂交品种孢子囊的人工诱导提供理论依据。The reproductive characteristics of some hybrids from crosses of cultivated strains with wild populations are more similar to their wild parents.These hybrids form sorus twice a year in spring and autumn,unlike the conventional cultivars,which formed sorus once a year in summer.The S.japonica seedling industry begins in August in the north of China.However,hybrids form sorus in September or later.Therefore,these hybrids cannot be used as parental stock in the cultivation of summer seedlings in the north of China,hindering the promotion and application of these hybrids with excellent traits.Unfortunately,very few studies have focused on the induction and mechanism of sorus formation in kelp.It was of great significance to explore artificial induction technology for sorus formation of kelp hybrids and ensure the timely formation of sorus when the summer seedling cultivation based on an understanding of the biological process of sorus development.At present,research on the biological processes and characteristics of hybrid kelp sorus were limited.This study investigated the hybrid variety"Yudai No.1".Discs from the kelp sporophytes were cultured in inflatable bottles.The sorus development process was divided into five stages(SA~SE)based on the appearance and morphological changes of the sorus.Samples for each stage were collected separately.The appearance,morphology,and tissue structure changes during the formation and development of sorus were systematically observed.Changes in the physiological and biochemical characteristics at different stages were also quantitatively studied.During sorus development,the surface of the sporophyte was smooth at stage SA,frosted in stage SB,noticeably protruded at stage SC,the cuticle at the apex of the paraphysis cells broken at stage SD,and the cuticle was smooth again in stage SE.The process was accompanied by the protrusion of epidermal cells(SB),the elongation of paraphysis cell(SC),the differentiation and development of sporoblast(SC,SD),and the formation and release of zoos

关 键 词：海带 孢子囊 发育过程 形态结构 生理生化 

分 类 号：S968.421[农业科学—水产养殖]