长期施肥对黄棕壤水稻土真菌群落结构的影响  

Response of soil fungal community structure to long-term fertilization in yellow-brown paddy soil

作　　者：刘东海[1,2,3] 张智 乔艳 李双来[1,2,3] 陈云峰 李菲[1] 胡诚 LIU Dong-hai;ZHANG Zhi;QIAO Yan;LI Shuang-lai;CHEN Yun-feng;LI Fei;HU Cheng(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China;National Agricultural Experimental Hongshan Station for Soil Quality,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Ecological Environment on Yellow Brown Soil in Wuhan,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]国家土壤质量洪山观测实验站,湖北武汉430064 [3]农业农村部武汉黄棕壤生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第6期1112-1124,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901200)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究长期不同施肥措施对黄棕壤水稻土土壤肥力和真菌群落结构的影响,为绿色农业提供理论依据。【方法】位于湖北武汉的黄棕壤水稻土长期施肥定位试验始于1981年,包括5个施肥处理:不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、常量有机肥(OM)、氮磷钾+常量有机肥(OMNPK)。2020年5月,在各处理小区内取0—20 cm土层土壤样品,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术、FUNGuild和生态网络方法,综合分析了土壤养分含量、酶活性、真菌群落结构。【结果】1)与CK比较,N处理降低了土壤速效养分含量,NPK处理维持了土壤养分稳定,OM和OMNPK处理显著提高了土壤速效养分含量。OMNPK处理显著降低了α-葡萄糖苷酶、硫酸酯酶活性,却显著提高了β-纤维二糖苷酶活性;OM和OMNPK处理提高了亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性,却降低了乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性,N和NPK处理对这两种酶活性的影响与之相反。2)与CK相比,N处理显著降低了真菌多样性,而NPK和OM处理显著提高了真菌多样性。菌群结构在N、NPK、OM处理间明显不同,而OM、OMNPK和CK处理比较接近。LEfSe分析结果发现,N处理土壤中的差异物种是Entrophospora属和Sympoventuriaceae科,OMNPK处理的差异物种是Microascales目和Microascaceae科,OM处理的差异物种是盘菌目(Pezizales)、Pyronemataceae科和Pseudaleuria属。冗余分析结果显示,β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、磷酸酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、硫酸酯酶和pH是影响土壤真菌群落结构的重要因素。3)施肥提高了病理营养型(pathotroph)真菌的相对丰度,减少了腐生营养型(saprotroph)真菌的相对丰度。与CK比较,N、NPK、OM和OMNPK处理的病理营养型真菌相对丰度分别提高了190.5%、141.4%、71.5%和250.2%,腐生营养型真菌相对丰度分别降低了30.6%、33.3%、19.4%和49.5%,共生营养型(symbiotroph)真菌相对丰度分别提高了310.8%、956.8%、【Objectives】We studied the dynamics of soil fertility and fungal community structure in yellowbrown paddy soil under long-term different fertilization measures,to scientifically clarify a pathway towards sustainable rice production.【Methods】The long-term experiment of yellow-brown paddy soil,located in Wuhan,Hubei Province was established in 2005.There were five treatments:no fertilizer control(CK),N fertilizer(N),NPK fertilizers(NPK),organic manure(OM),NPK and organic manure(OMNPK).In 2020,soil samples at 0-20 cm depth were collected from the treatment plots to determine the nutrient contents and enzyme activities using standard procedures,and the fungal community structure using the Illumina MiSeq highthroughput sequencing,the FUNGuild and ecological network methods.【Results】1)N treatment reduced,NPK treatment maintained,while OM and OMNPK treatments significantly increased soil available nutrients compared with CK.OMNPK treatment significantly decreased the α-glucosidase and sulfatase activity,but increased β-cellobiase activity;OM and OMNPK increased leucine aminopeptidase activity but decreased glucosamine activity;whereas N and NPK treatments elicited opposite trends on these two enzymes.2)N treatment significantly reduced,while NPK,and OM treatments increased fungal diversity.The LEfSe analysis showed that the differential species were Entrophospora genus and Sympoventuriaceae family in N treatment,were Microascales order and Microascaceae family in OMNPK treatment,and were Sphaeria,Pyronemataceae and Pseudaleuria genus in OM treatment.The redundancy analysis revealed that β-glucosidase,β-xylosidase,phosphatase,L-leucine aminopeptidase,N-acetyl-glucosaminidase,sulfase,and pH were important factors affecting soil fungal community structure.3)Fertilization increased the relative abundance of pathotroph fungi and reduced that of saprotroph fungi.Compared with CK,the treatment N,NPK,OM and OMNPK increased the relative abundance of pathotroph fungi by 190.5%,141.4%,71.5% and 250.2%,decreased tho

关 键 词：黄棕壤水稻土 长期施肥 真菌群落结构 FUNGuild 生态网络 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S154.3