个人信息:从财产属性到公共利益属性——基于信息产权制度构成理论的比较研究  

Personal information: From property attributes to public interest attributes: A comparative study based on the theory of composition of information property rights

作　　者：张继红 吴祖豪 ZHANG Jihong;WU Zuhao(China National Institute for SCO International Exchange and Judicial Cooperation,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院中国-上海合作组织国际司法交流合作培训基地,上海201701

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期88-99,共12页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:互联网企业数据合规义务研究(21BFX094)。

摘　　要：大数据时代个人信息的商业价值不断凸显,在个人信息人格权基础上明确个人信息财产属性并以此确立个人信息财产制度的观点层出不穷。然而,个人信息具有不同于知识产权客体的特殊属性,劳动财产理论、人格权财产理论以及经济激励理论等信息产权构成理论并不能成为构建个人信息财产制度的基础。产权制度注重个体支配而淡化了个人信息的公共利益属性,不仅难以激发企业的内在驱动力,还限制了信息主体人格自由发展,并由此催生新型不平等关系。个人信息保护应侧重于公共利益考量,涵盖“公共人格属性”和“公共产品属性”两部分,前者为人格属性的升华,后者则为财产属性的本质。公共利益属性内涵下的个人信息保护应以正义原则为指引配置权益,回归法律保护弱势群体利益的正义价值。一方面,法律应当在信息主体人格权益优位保护的前提下确保信息企业无偿且平等地获取个人信息,事前个人信息保护可类比环境治理,以技术规范信息处理方式;另一方面,为修复公众对数字环境之信任,个人信息事后司法救济应采取民主途径,并将信息处理者的制造权益风险与其举证责任相关联。群体性信息主体的权益保护与信息处理者的信息利用二者并非处于对立面,个人信息的公共利益属性也表明,双方可据之促成共善发展。The commercial value of personal information in the era of big data is constantly highlighted.The view that personal information should be endowed with property rights based on personal information personality rights has emerged one after another.However,personal information has special attributes different from the object information products of intellectual property rights.The information property rights theory such as labor property theory,personality property theory and economic incentive theory cannot become the basis for constructing a personal information property system.The property rights system focuses on individual control and weakens the public interest attributes of personal information,which not only makes it difficult to stimulate the intrinsic motivation of enterprises but also limits the free development of personality and thus gives birth to new types of unequal relations.Personal information protection should focus on public interest considerations,covering two parts:“public personality attributes”and“public product attributes”,the former is the sublimation of personality attributes,and the latter is the essence of property attributes.Under the public interest attribute,personal information protection should allocate rights and interests according to the principle of justice,return to the justice value of legal protection of the interests of vulnerable groups.One the one hand,the law should ensure that information companies obtain personal information free of charge and on an equal footing while protecting the personal rights and interests of information subjects.Pre-information protection can be compared to environmental governance,and technical specifications can be used to regulate information processing methods.On the other hand,in order to repair public trust in digital environment,post-event judicial relief for personal information should adopt democratic means and associate the risk of interest manufacturing by information processors with their burden of proof responsibility.The

关 键 词：个人信息财产化 财产属性 公共利益属性 公共人格属性 正义原则 

分 类 号：D912.294[政治法律—民商法学]