膜下滴灌结合暗管排水技术改良新疆盐碱地效果综述  

Effect Review of Drip Irrigation under Mulch Combined with Hidden Pipe Drainage Technology to Improve Saline Land in Xinjiang

作　　者：张万恒 何帅[1,2] 忠智博 周建伟 郑国玉[1,2] 马军勇 ZHANG Wanheng;HE Shuai;ZHONG Zhibo;ZHOU Jianwei;ZHENG Guoyu;MA Junyong(Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程》2023年第4期101-107,共7页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2021AB009)。

摘　　要：膜下滴灌技术的大面积推广和应用,为新疆维吾尔自治区(以下简称新疆)乃至西北干旱地区作物高产提供了强大的技术支撑。应用在盐碱地改良中,膜下滴灌“有灌无排”模式仅调节耕层盐分分布,并不能将盐分排出土体,长年灌溉容易引起爆发式积盐的风险,而暗管排水是目前公认的改良盐碱地最直接、最有效的方法。目前,将膜下滴灌与暗管排水有机结合形成的新型灌溉技术,充分利用膜下滴灌良好的抑蒸增温、节水抑盐等优势,同时利用暗管将淋洗盐水及时排出土体,使盐碱化土层产生新的水盐平衡,已在新疆盐碱地区开发利用中得到长足发展。重点分析并总结了新疆灌区膜下滴灌结合暗管排水系统的设计参数及土壤水盐运移规律,综述了土壤理化性质及作物产量对该灌排技术的响应研究,以期为新疆盐碱地区农业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术指导。Large-scale popularization and application of drip irrigation under mulch has provided a strong technical support for high yield of crops in Xinjiang and even in the arid areas of northwest China.In improvement of saline-alkali land,the mode of"irrigation with ir-rigation without drainage"under mulch drip irrigation only changes distribution of salt in plough layer,but can not discharge salt out of the soil.Long-term irrigation is prone to risk of explosive salt accumulation,and hidden pipe drainage is currently recognized as the most direct and effective method to improve saline-alkali land.At present,organic combination of membrane with drip irrigation and drainage tubes drainage formation of new irrigation technology,make full use of membrane with drip irrigation good steam warming sup-pression,water saving and salt suppression,at the same time using drainage tubes would be washed out saline soil in time,make salin-ization soil produces new water and salt balance,has got great progress in development and utilization of saline area in Xinjiang.Design parameters of drip irrigation combined with hidden pipe drainage system and law of soil water and salt transport in Xinjiang irrigation area were analyzed and summarized,and response of soil physical and chemical properties and crop yield to irrigation and drainage techno-logy was summarized,in order to provide technical guidance for agriculture sustainable development of Xinjiang saline land.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 暗管排水 盐碱地 新疆灌区 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]