中国内地和印度黑碳气溶胶对东亚冬季气候的影响研究  

Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosol from the China's mainland and India in East Asia in Winter

作　　者：蔺惠娟 李沐阳 庄炳亮[1] 陈慧敏 魏雯 高伊曼 王体健[1] 李树[1] 陈璞珑 LIN Huijuan;LI Muyang;ZHUANG Bingliang;CHEN Huimin;WEI Wen;GAO Yiman;WANG Tijian;LI Shu;CHEN Pulong(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《大气科学》2023年第4期1113-1130,共18页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目2019YFA0606803;国家自然科学基金项目42075099、41675143、42077192、41621005;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目0207-14380169。

摘　　要：黑碳(BC)气溶胶(简称黑碳)对区域和全球气候变化具有重要影响。为了进一步认识亚洲地区黑碳的区域气候效应,本文使用新一代的区域气候—化学模式RegCM4,研究了来自印度和中国内地的黑碳排放对东亚冬季气候的影响。结果表明:来自中国内地和印度的黑碳排放可导致东亚地区黑碳的区域平均柱含量、大气顶和地表有效辐射强迫分别变化了+1.78 mg m^(−2)、+1.98 W m^(−2)和−2.17 W m^(−2)。中国内地和印度黑碳对东亚气候的影响机制相同。印度黑碳对东亚冬季气候的影响主要通过对大气动力过程的调整来实现,由此造成的散射气溶胶浓度增加可导致该区域850 hPa附近和地表气温降低,而中国内地的黑碳还可直接影响东亚气候,其加热效应可导致该区域大部分地区850 hPa附近的气层变暖。由于中国内地黑碳在东亚地区占主导,其在影响东亚区域气候变化方面发挥着更重要的作用。总体而言,两地总的黑碳会造成850 hPa高度附近云量减少和气温升高;地表日照时数减少,气温、感热通量和地表蒸发量下降;边界层高度降低和散射气溶胶的柱含量上升。研究结果还进一步反映了东亚冬季气候对不同排放黑碳的响应表现出了一定的非线性。Aerosols containing black carbon(BC)have a significant impact on regional and global climate change.The latest version of the regional climate and chemistry model RegCM4 is used to explore the direct influence of BC emissions from India and China's mainland on East Asian climate in winter to determine the direct impact of aerosols in Asian regions.The results demonstrate that the total BC column burden,as well as the top and bottom of atmospheric and surface effective radiative forcing,are 1.78 mg m^(−2),+1.98 W m^(−2)and−2.17 W m^(−2),respectively,in East Asia.The ways in which the mechanisms of the Chinese mainland and Indian BC affect regional climate change differ.The Indian BC will have an impact on the East Asian winter climate by altering the dynamic processes of the atmosphere,resulting in a cooling effect at lower layers with increasing scattering aerosol loadings.In contrast,the BC from the China's mainland can have an immediate impact on the East Asian climate.Its solar radiation absorption can produce a warming effect at 850 hPa in most parts of East Asia.Furthermore,because of its higher loadings in this region,BC from the mainland of China may have a significantly larger impact on East Asian winter climate changes than Indian BC.In general,the Chinese mainland and Indian BCs will reduce cloud cover and increase air temperature near 850 hPa,as well as induce decreases in sunshine duration,air temperature,sensible heat flux,and surface evaporation.As a result,the boundary layer height falls and scattering aerosol loadings rise.The findings also indicate that the direct response of the East Asian winter climate to various BC emissions is nonlinear.

关 键 词：黑碳气溶胶 中国内地 印度 RegCM4模式 气候效应 

分 类 号：P40[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]