中国青贮玉米产业现状及发展趋势  

Present Situation and Development Trend of Silage Corn Industry in China

作　　者：王晓光 史桂清 刘春阁[1,2] 吴鹏 王荣焕 陕红[3] 冯培煜[1,2] 成广雷[1] WANG Xiaoguang;SHI Guiqing;LIU Chunge;WU Peng;WANG Ronghuan;SHAN Hong;FENG Peiyu;CHENG Guanglei(Maize Research Institute,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Shunxin Agriculture Sciences Seed Technology Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院玉米研究所/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京100097 [2]北京顺鑫农科种业科技有限公司,北京100097 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第7期20-24,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：北京市种质创制和品种选育联合攻关项目“玉米种质创制、优种提升及品种选育与推广应用”(NY2022-180);国家重点研发计划课题“西北区粮饲兼用型青贮玉米种质改良、新品种选育及示范推广”(2018YFD0100205-02);国家重点研发计划课题“华北南部中早熟抗逆耐密适宜机械化玉米新品种培育”(2017YFD0101104-4)。

摘　　要：青贮玉米有着“饲料之王”的美誉,在美国等发达国家奶牛的日粮配方中一般占到粗饲料的80%左右。近几年,青贮玉米种植面积呈现快速上升的趋势,2016年全国青贮玉米种植面积约100万hm2,2018年达到167万hm2,2020年增长至200万hm2以上。青贮玉米审定品种数量也呈现爆发式增长,2016年国家及省级审定青贮玉米品种7个,2019年则达到峰值50个。从全国调研的种植成本及利润分析来看,种植青贮玉米的收益比较可观,中国现已初步形成青贮玉米种子企业、青贮生产企业、青贮消费企业等循环产业链,但仍缺乏强有力的职能部门和产业组织快速推动产业发展,尚未形成超越产业链条部门利益的具有权威性的青贮玉米产品评价及定价机制。随着中国畜牧业养殖水平的不断提高,人们对全株青贮玉米利用率和转化效率“双高作物”认识逐步增强,青贮玉米在成为奶牛主要日粮的基础上,将进一步成为肉牛、羊等反刍动物的优质饲料,青贮玉米产业将迎来新一波发展。Silage corn has the reputation of"the king of feed",and generally accounts for about 80%of roughage in the diet formula of dairy cows in developed countries such as the United States.In recent years,the planting area of silage corn has shown a rapid upward trend.In 2016,the planting area of silage corn in China was about 1 million hectares,reaching 1.67 million hectares in 2018,and increasing to more than 2 million hectares in 2020.The number of silage corn approved varieties has also shown explosive growth,with 7 national and provincial silage corn approved varieties in 2016 and a peak of 50 in 2019.From the analysis of planting costs and profits in the national survey,the benefits of planting silage corn are relatively considerable.China has initially formed circular industrial chains such as silage corn seed enterprises,silage production enterprises,and silage consumption enterprises and so on,but there is still a lack of powerful functional departments and industrial organizations to promote the rapid development of the industry.An authoritative evaluation and pricing mechanism for silage corn products beyond the interests of industrial chains has not been established yet.With the continuous improvement of the breeding level of animal husbandry in China,people have gradually enhanced their understanding of the"double-high crops"of the utilization rate and transformation efficiency of whole plant silage corn.On the basis of becoming the main diet of dairy cows,silage corn will further become a high-quality feed for ruminants such as beef cattle and sheep,and the silage corn industry will usher in a new wave of development.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 品种审定 种植面积 产业现状 发展趋势 

分 类 号：S1[农业科学—农业基础科学]