基于LCA的医疗废物处置技术的环境评估研究  

Environmental assessment study of medical waste disposal technology based on LCA

作　　者：管京华 刘良旭 GUAN Jinghua;LIU Liangxu(College of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Technology,Tangshan 063210,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,河北唐山063210

出　　处：《再生资源与循环经济》2023年第7期38-41,共4页Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy

基　　金：唐山市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(17110212a)。

摘　　要：新冠疫情爆发,造成中国医疗废物的产生量快速增长。对于疫情严重地区,医疗废物更是呈现井喷式增加,因此正确、安全处置医疗废弃物刻不容缓。对医疗废物热解焚烧和蒸汽灭菌+焚烧发电这两种常规处置技术的环境影响进行比较,利用生命周期评价方法量化分析这两种处置技术的环境影响和主要影响因素。结果表明:蒸汽灭菌+焚烧发电技术的综合环境影响最好;在全球变暖潜能(GWP)指标中,热解焚烧技术达到了1.35×10^(3)kg的二氧化碳当量,是蒸汽灭菌+焚烧发电技术2~3倍。由于有电力的产出,蒸汽灭菌+焚烧发电技术在大多数环境指标中都是比较低的。The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has caused a rapid increase in the amount of medical waste generated in China.Medical waste has been increasing by spurt for areas with serious epidemics,so the proper and safe disposal of medical waste is urgent.The environmental impacts of two conventional disposal technologies,namely,pyrolysis and incineration of medical waste and steam sterilization+waste-to-energy incineration,were compared,and the environmental impacts and main impact factors of these two disposal technologies were quantified and analyzed using the life cycle assessment method.The results showed that steam sterilization+incineration power generation technology has the best overall environmental impact;in the GWP index,pyrolysis incineration technology achieves 1.35×10^(3)kg of CO_(2)equivalent,which is 2~3 times higher than steam sterilization+incineration power generation technology.Steam sterilization+incineration power generation technology is lower in most environmental indicators due to power generation output.

关 键 词：医疗废物 生命周期评价 常规处置技术 特征化分析 归一化分析 

分 类 号：X799.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]