上古汉语后置状语[X然]的韵律制约  

Prosodical constraints on postverbal adjunct X-ran(然)in Archaic Chinese

作　　者：李果[1,2] LI Guo

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国俗文化研究所,成都 [2]四川大学文学与新闻学院,成都

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第4期472-489,512,共19页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“核心重音视角下上古汉语句法研究”(20CYY026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：上古汉语的典型状语[X然]分为光杆状语[X然]w和有句法分枝型状语[X然]p两类,其中[X然]p可以作后置状语,但文献中未见[X然]w作后置状语的记录。这种对立在《孟子》中还造成句法-语义错配。过去对“然”的研究较少涉及此现象。本文提出,这一对立并非由句法、语义或语言混合所致,而是句法受韵律制约的结果。立足于对文献中[X然]做状语的系统考察,本文辨析了上古汉语后置状语的两类句法方案,厘清了[X然]p的句法分布和“然p”的句法属性;在已知的三类核心重音律基础上提出适合上古汉语[X然]句法分布的新的核心重音律。该核心重音律可以解决深重律(Cinque, 1993)与上古汉语事实间的句法、韵律冲突,同时为现代汉语动后限制(Huang, 1982、2014)的解决提供上古汉语的源头。In Archaic Chinese,there are syntactically two types of X-ran(然):the word X-ranw and the phrase Xranp.The latter can function as a postverbal adjunct whereas the former cannot.This paper proposes that this contrast is not caused by semantic or syntactic factors,nor by contact with other languages.It is rather an outcome of the interaction between prosody and syntax.Based on systematic analysis of X-ran in extant literature,this paper discusses the syntactic features and distribution of the two types of X-ran in Archaic Chinese and proposes a Nuclear Stress Rule.It would solve the syntax-prosodic dilemma in Archaic Chinese under Depth-NSR theory(Cinque,1993)and offer possible sources for the explanation of Postverbal Structure Constraint(Huang,1982/2014)in modern Mandarin Chinese.

关 键 词：上古汉语 后置状语 核心重音 句法 X然 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]