株行距配置对饲用玉米生长发育、产量及品质的影响  

Effect of plant and row spacing on growth, yield and quality of forage maize

作　　者：刘明 吴迪 宁夕琳 LIU Ming;WU Di;NING Xi-lin

机构地区：[1]吉林农业科技学院农学院,吉林吉林132101

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第13期98-101,共4页Feed Research

基　　金：吉林省教育厅项目“耕作方式与株行距配置对玉米根系及冠层结构调控机理研究(项目编号:JJKH20220396KJ)”;吉林农业科技学院博士启动金项目“玉米合理耕层构建及高产栽培模式研究(项目编号:20215013)”;中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题“与秸秆覆盖少免耕技术结合的作物轮作技术(项目编号:XDA28080103)”。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究不同株行距配置对饲用玉米生长发育、产量及品质的影响。试验为大区比较设计,分别设计等行距种植(S1)、宽窄行等株距种植模式(S2)、隔垄双株紧靠种植模式(S3)、二比空种植模式(S4)。结果显示,与S1相比,S2和S4模式均利于饲用玉米的干物质积累和饲用品质的提高,叶片在冠层分布合理,利于通风透光;叶片绿叶面积持续时间较长,生长后期衰老速度慢,利于青贮;鲜重产量、籽粒产量及粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量较高;S2与S4模式的饲用玉米产量和品质无明显差异;S3模式干物质积累速度慢,后期叶片早衰严重,鲜重产量、籽粒产量及品质也低于其他处理。研究表明,S4模式种植两垄休耕一垄,冠层合理,通风透光,有助于光合产物和干物质积累,利于玉米增产,不但节省肥料,而且通过休耕有利于地力提升。The study was to study the effect of different row spacing on the growth,yield and quality of forage maize.The experiment was a large area comparison design,and the designs were equal row spacing(S1),wide and narrow row spacing(S2),double row spacing next to each other(S3),and double space spacing(S4).The results showed that compared with S1,both S2 and S4 modes were beneficial to dry matter accumulation and feed quality improvement of forage maize,reasonable distribution of leaves in canopy,favorable ventilation and light transmission,longer duration of green leaf area,slower senescence rate at late growth stage,conducive to silage,and higher fresh weight yield,grain yield,crude protein content and crude fat content.There was no significant difference between S2 and S4 forage maize yield and quality.The dry matter accumulation rate of S3 mode was slow,the leaf premature aging was serious in late stage,and the fresh weight yield and grain yield and quality were lower than other treatments.The study indicates that two rows and one row can be planted in two-ratio space mode with reasonable canopy,ventilation and light,which can contribute to accumulation of photosynthates and dry matter,increase maize yield,save power and fertilizer,and improve soil fertility through fallow cultivation.

关 键 词：株行距 饲用玉米 生长发育 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]