人民检察院的理论溯源与当代发展  

The Theoretical Origin and Contemporary Development of the People's Procuratorate

作　　者：刘练军 LIU Lianjun

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院暨东南大学党内法规研究中心

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2023年第4期81-99,共19页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2020年度最高人民检察院检察制度比较研究重大课题“检察机关的宪法定位与具体职能比较研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:GJ2020BJA03;国家社会科学基金项目“完善党和国家监督体系研究”(21AZD088)资助。

摘　　要：国家监察体制改革对人民检察院造成了一定的冲击,但并未撼动其政治与法律地位。人民检察院是法律监督机关的宪法定位,意味着它对所有的执法与违法行为都可以开展检察,因而其法律监督具有兜底性。人民检察院建制的理论依据是马列主义的国家学说,授予它检察权旨在维护国家法律的统一实施,并满足社会主义国家权力监督的现实需要。新时代“四大检察”“十大业务”新格局,打破了以往“重刑事而轻行民”的局面,民事检察、行政检察和公益诉讼检察得到了前所未有的发展。新时代社会主要矛盾的变化,乃是民事检察等检察业务获得均衡发展的社会原因。而人民检察院“助推国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”的新使命,才是“四大检察”“十大业务”新格局形成的根本原因。The reform of the national supervision system has caused a certain impact on the People's Procuratorate,but it has not shaken its political and legal status.The constitutional positioning of the People's Procuratorate as a legal supervision organ means that it can carry out procuratorial work on every law enforcement and illegal act,therefore,its legal supervision is a general method.The theoretical basis of the construction of people's procuratorate system is the state theory of Marxism-Leninism,and the purpose of granting it the procuratorial power is to maintain the unified implementation of national laws and meet the practical needs of socialist state power supervision.In the new era,the new patterns represented by“the Four Procuratorates”and“the Ten Businesses”break the previous situation of“heavy criminal matters but light civil actions”,and make unprecedented progresses of civil procuratorial,administrative procuratorial and public interest litigation procuratorial.The change of the main social contradictions in the new era is the social reason for the balanced development of procuratorial services such as civil procuratorial work.The new mission of the People's Procuratorate to“promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity”,is the fundamental reason for the formation of the new pattern of“the Four Procuratorates”and“the Ten Businesses”.

关 键 词：人民检察院 马列主义国家学说 法律监督 “四大检察” “十大业务” 

分 类 号：D926.3[政治法律—法学]