机械产品装配偏差分析方法研究进展与展望  

Progress and Prospect on Assembly Deviation Propagation of Mechanical Products

作　　者：余海东[1] 高畅 赵勇[1] 袁可 YU Haidong;GAO Chang;ZHAO Yong;YUAN Ke(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-walled Structures,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学上海市复杂薄板结构数字化制造重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第9期212-229,共18页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52275502);国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0709001)资助项目。

摘　　要：机械产品装配是制造过程的最终阶段,装配质量对机械产品的服役性能和可靠性有直接影响。建立合理的数学模型描述机械产品装配过程中的偏差传递、累积和淹没规律,对产品的容差设计与故障诊断,并进一步提高产品性能和服役周期具有重要意义。归纳并总结了现有机械产品装配偏差分析的理论方法,从基于刚性假设的偏差分析与考虑柔性变形的偏差模型两个方面系统地论述了目前机械产品装配偏差传递分析的研究进展。刚性偏差分析围绕尺寸链模型与确定性定位模型展开,并对基于尺寸链理论的雅可比旋量方法做了详细介绍与具体的应用分析。对于主流的柔性装配偏差传递建模方法,详细论述了影响系数法与装配偏差场传递模型的理论建模过程与及其应用范围,并从大型结构装配的现场应用出发,对装配偏差场传递模型进行了具体的案例分析。针对目前航空航天等领域机械产品大尺寸、高承载的发展趋势,提出了对于局部刚性整体柔性的大型结构装配偏差预测的难点以及研究展望。Mechanical assembly is the final stage of the manufacturing process of the products.Assembly quality has a direct impact on the service performance and reliability of mechanical products.The establishment of the mathematical model,which may describe the transmission,accumulation and annihilation of deviation in the assembly process,is of great significance for tolerance design,fault diagnosis,and further improve the performance and service life of the products.The existing theoretical methods of assembly deviation analysis of mechanical products are summarized.Research progress of the assembly deviation analysis of the mechanical products is discussed through the deviation analysis based on rigid assumption and the analysis methods considering flexible deformation.The rigid deviation analysis is carried out around the dimension chain model and the deterministic locating method.The Jacobian-Torsor method based on dimension chain theory is introduced and analyzed in detail.The theoretical modeling process and application scope of the method of influence coefficient and assembly deviation field model are discussed in detail,which are the methods of flexible assembly deviation analysis.A specific case analysis of assembly deviation field model is carried out based on the engineering application of the assembly for large structure.Finally,the difficulties and research prospects of the analysis of the assembly deviation of the local rigid and integral flexible large-scale structure are discussed,which are aimed at the development trend of large size and high capacity of mechanical products in aerospace and other fields.

关 键 词：装配偏差分析 装配尺寸链 影响系数法 偏差场 

分 类 号：TH113[机械工程—机械设计及理论]