多光束变光斑激光定向能量沉积工艺及分析模型  

A Novel Technique and Analytical Model for Laser Directed Energy Deposition with Variable Spot Sizes Based on Multiple Beams

作　　者：黄胜 李涤尘[1] 张晓宇 崔滨 李青宇 张安峰[1] HUANG Sheng;LI Dichen;ZHANG Xiaoyu;CUI Bin;LI Qingyu;ZHANG Anfeng(State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049;Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610213)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]中国核动力研究设计院核反应堆系统设计技术重点实验室,成都610213

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第9期285-297,共13页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2018ZDXM-GY-059);国家自然科学基金(51775417)资助项目。

摘　　要：为了兼顾成形效率与精度,提出多光束变光斑激光定向能量沉积技术。研发了多光束变光斑激光熔覆头,该熔覆头采用3个激光输出头设计,输出的激光束在焦点处汇聚,每束激光束具有不同直径。开发了变光斑控制模块,通过控制3个激光束的不同组合,实现小光斑与多光束组合大光斑的快速变换。基于能量守恒和质量守恒原理,分析了激光、粉末和基板的交互作用,建立了多光束变光斑激光定向能量沉积工艺分析模型。经过实验证实,该分析模型能够预测不同工艺参数下的熔覆单道尺寸与粉末利用率,可为该工艺的参数优化和工艺参数选定提供参考。多光束变光斑激光定向能量沉积工艺具有响应速度快、可靠性高、激光能量利用率高等优点,为变光斑激光定向能量沉积工艺提供新的方法和相应的理论基础。In order to give consideration to both forming efficiency and precision of laser directed energy deposition(LDED),a novel technique for LDED with variable spot sizes based on multiple beams is proposed.A multi-beam laser cladding head with variable spot sizes is developed.The cladding head is designed with three laser beams,which converge at the focal spot,and the diameter of each laser beam is different.A control module for changing the laser spot size is developed to realize the rapid conversion between small spot and large spot by controlling different combinations of laser beams.Based on the principles of energy conservation and mass conservation,an analytical model for LDED with variable spot sizes based on multiple beams is established by analysing the interaction between laser,powder and substrate.Experiments have confirmed that the analytical model could predict the size of the clad and the catchment efficiency of the powder under different process parameters,which can provide a reference for parameter optimization and parameter selection of the process.It has the advantages of fast response speed,high reliability,high utilization rate of laser energy,which provides a new method and the corresponding theoretical basis for LDED technology with variable spot sizes.

关 键 词：增材制造 激光定向能量沉积 多光束 变光斑 分析模型 

分 类 号：TH164[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]