秦汉县、道职能趋同考——以出土文献所见“县道”合称为中心  

A Textual Research on the Combined Name of"XianDao"——A Survey of the Relationship between County and Road in Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：张振岳 Zhang Zhenyue

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期66-72,154,共8页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项“出土东周秦汉荆楚地理资料整理与地域空间整合研究”(20VJXG017)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：秦汉文献所见“县道”合称,不能简单看做县、道职能之趋同。秦末汉初出于对关东地区的战略需要,中央对辖境内资源进行高效调配。道作为中央辖区内县之外的重要地方政区,成为战略资源的攫取地。这种策略,客观上促进了蛮夷地区的华夏化以及道与县职能的同质化。在实际行政过程中乃是“以县领道”,县的行政权力与职能范围大于道,道是辅助性角色。东汉时期,蛮夷地区华夏化程度较西汉时期已大为推进。和帝永元六年在此基础上,给予了蛮夷地区相应的人才举荐权,县、道职能方有明显趋同倾向,这也是由汉初“道常以七月数蛮夷户”至东汉时“仲秋之月,县道皆案户比民”的主要原因。The"XianDao"seen in the historical materials of the Qin and Han Dynasties are collectively called,and there must be roads in their applicable areas.Because many"barbarians"are uncivilized,the Xian is the actual administrator,and the Dao is only an auxiliary existence.Historical data show that Dao once belonged to the Xian.In terms of customs and talent recommendation,the convergence of the functions of Xian and Dao may have first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Emperor's time,which is also the main reason why the Eastern Han Dynasty was able to"set up households to compete with the people".The difference between"Xian order"and"Dao order"also shows that the functions of Xian and Dao are different.In the actual administrative process,it is"leading by the Xian".

关 键 词：秦汉 “县道”合称 以县领道 

分 类 号：K243[历史地理—历史学]