天目山针阔混交林与常绿阔叶林的空间结构比较  

Comparison of Spatial Structure between Coniferous and Broad-Leaved Mixed Forest and Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in Tianmu Mountains

作　　者：陈睿 汤孟平[1,2] Chen Rui;Tang Mengping(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Lin’an 311300;School of Environmental and Resources Science,Zhejiang A&F University,Lin’an 311300)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,临安311300 [2]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,临安311300

出　　处：《林业科学》2023年第5期21-31,共11页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31870617)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较分析天目山地区针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林的空间结构,从空间结构角度揭示该地区针阔混交林向常绿阔叶林演替的规律,为常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林可持续经营提供依据。【方法】2015和2016年,分别对浙江天目山国家级自然保护区的常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林各设置1块1 hm2固定样地,调查每株树木的树种、胸径等因子以及三维空间坐标,应用Python语言结合ArcGIS软件,编程计算两类森林的空间结构指数,采用聚集指数、竞争指数和混交度指数,对两类森林的空间结构特征进行比较。【结果】常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林的株数密度分别是2850、1842株·hm-2,前者比后者大54.72%。常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林中的树种数分别为89、66种,前者比后者多23种。常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林的优势树种数量分别为14和4种,常绿阔叶林中细叶青冈优势地位最高,针阔混交林中杉木优势地位最高且占明显优势。在空间结构方面,常绿阔叶林群落的聚集指数在[0.75,1]之间,林木分布格局属弱度聚集;针阔混交林的聚集指数处于[1,1.38]范围,林木分布格局属弱均匀分布。两类森林群落的混交度均在[0.5,0.75]之间,为中度混交。常绿阔叶林的森林群落竞争指数处于[28,44]范围,属中度竞争;针阔混交林的森林群落竞争指数处于[12,28]范围,整体呈低度竞争。【结论】常绿阔叶林的株数密度、树种数和优势树种数均明显高于针阔混交林。常绿阔叶林比针阔混交林的混交度低,分布更聚集,竞争更剧烈。针阔混交林的4个优势树种的分布格局均为聚集分布,常绿阔叶林的14个优势树种中除榧树、蓝果树和金钱松为均匀分布外,其他11个优势树种均为聚集分布。2个森林群落的优势树种均呈中度以上混交,其中常绿阔叶林中的金钱松为强度混交;随优势树种的优势地位降低,优势树种的混交度在常绿阔叶林呈【Objective】The spatial structure of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tianmu Mountains was compared and analyzed,and the succession pattern from coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest was revealed from the viewpoint of spatial structure,so as to provide a basis for sustainable management of evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.【Method】A 1 hm2 fixed plot was set up for evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Tianmu Mountains National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province in 2015 and 2016 respectively.The tree species,DBH and three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each tree were investigated.Python language and ArcGIS software were used to calculate the spatial structure index of the two forest types.【Result】The plant density of evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was 2850 and 1842 plants·hm−2,respectively,and the former was 54.72%larger than the latter.The number of tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was 89 and 66,respectively,and the former was 23 more than the latter.The number of dominant tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was 14 and 4,respectively.Cyclobalanopsis glauca had the highest dominant position in evergreen broad-leaved forest,and Cunninghamia lanceolata had the highest dominant position in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.In terms of spatial structure,the aggregation index of evergreen broad-leaved forest community was between[0.75,1],and the tree distribution pattern belonged to weak aggregation,while that of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was in the range of[1,1.38],and the tree distribution pattern belonged to weak uniform distribution.The mixing degree of the two kinds of forest communities was between[0.5 and 0.75],which was moderate mixing.The forest community c

关 键 词：常绿阔叶林 针阔混交林 空间分布格局 混交度 竞争指数 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]