晚清宫外观众的宫内观剧生活——以日记史料为中心  

作　　者：苗盼盼 杨康 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学戏剧与影视学院 [2]太原师范学院书法系

出　　处：《北京档案》2023年第7期49-53,共5页Beijing Archives

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“明清民国北京会馆剧场及演剧活动研究”(项目编号:21CZS082);山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目“清代山西碑刻中的书法史料整理与研究”(项目编号:2022W107)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚清宫廷戏曲的受众既有帝后妃嫔等宫内观众,亦有部分宫外观众。作为三大节之一的万寿节,演剧活动格外隆重,进宫观剧的宫外观众最多。每逢万寿演剧,宫外观众进宫观剧需要遵守一定的礼仪规范。面对体力考验,宫外观众会通过闲谈、寻觅地方休息或聚餐等方式来放松。观剧之时,帝后处于观赏效果、音响效果最佳的戏台正对面的殿宇内,宫外观众则位于戏台两侧东西廊下。当有女性观众、皇帝等特殊群体观剧时,为隔绝宫外观众视线,会设置帷幔,来保护帝后及女性观众的隐私。The audience of court opera in Late Qing Dynasty were the emperor,the empress,impe⁃rial concubine and some audience outside the palace.As one of the three major festivals in Late Qing Dy⁃nasty,the Wanshou opera was particularly grand,with the largest number of audience from outside the palace.Whenever a play was performed,the au⁃dience outside the palace needed to abide by certain etiquette.In the face of physical test,the audience outside the palace would relax by gossiping,looking for other places to rest or gather for dinner.When watching the play,the emperor and the empress were in the hall directly opposite the stage where the viewing and sound effects were the best,while the audience outside the palace was scattered on both sides of the stage under the corridor or in the court⁃yard.When there were female audience,emperor and other special groups watching the play,in order to isolate them from the audience outside the pal⁃ace,curtain would be set to protect the privacy of the emperor,the empress and female audience.

关 键 词：万寿演剧 宫外观众 《翁同龢日记》 帷幔 

分 类 号：J809.2[艺术—戏剧戏曲] K252[历史地理—历史学]