钱江源国家公园森林群落的物种多样性、结构多样性及其对黑麂出现概率的影响  

Species and structural diversity of forest communities in Qianjiangyuan National Park and their impacts on the occurrence of black muntjac(Muntiacus crinifrons)

作　　者：楼晨阳 任海保[3] 陈小南 米湘成[3] 童冉 朱念福 陈磊[3] 吴统贵[1] 申小莉[3] Chenyang Lou;Haibao Ren;Xiaonan Chen;Xiangcheng Mi;Ran Tong;Nianfu Zhu;Lei Chen;Tonggui Wu;Xiaoli Shen(Research Institute of Sub-tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Fuyang,Zhejiang 311400;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093;Qianjiangyuan National Park Administration,Kaihua,Zhejiang 324300)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400 [2]南京林业大学,南京210037 [3]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [4]钱江源国家公园管理局,浙江开化324300

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第6期56-67,共12页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：钱江源国家公园委托项目。

摘　　要：森林群落的物种多样性和结构多样性是影响野生动物栖息地选择的重要因子,以往针对黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)栖息地特征的研究多探讨森林类型对黑麂出现概率的影响,而针对反映森林群落特征的微生境因子的研究相对匮乏。本研究基于钱江源国家公园164个位点的红外相机监测数据和20 m×20 m植物长期监测样方数据,从物种多样性和结构多样性两个维度研究了4种主要森林类型(常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林、针叶林)的木本植物群落特征及其对黑麂出现概率的影响。结果表明:常绿阔叶林木本植物的物种多样性显著高于针叶林(P<0.05),其结构多样性显著高于常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林和针叶林(P<0.05),其余森林类型间的物种多样性和结构多样性均无显著差异。样地内木本植物的物种多样性和结构多样性之间无明显相关关系。对黑麂微生境特征的分析结果显示,黑麂偏好常绿阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林,且海拔和坡度越高其出现概率越高;木本植物胸径Shannon多样性指数越大、胸径<5 cm木本植物平均胸径越大时,黑麂的出现概率越高,表明黑麂偏好结构多样性高、林下植被个体长势良好的森林。本研究结果对钱江源国家公园黑麂的栖息地恢复和管理、廊道选址和建设有一定的指导意义。Aims:The species diversity and structural diversity of forest communities are important factors influencing wildlife habitat selection.Most previous studies on habitat characteristics of vulnerable Muntiacus crinifrons have investigated the effect of forest type on the occurrence of the species,while studies examining the effect of microhabitat factors on the occurrence of the species are relatively scarce.Methods:Based on data from 164 sites collected by infrared camera monitoring(camera-trapping)and 20 m×20 m fixed vegetation plots in Qianjiangyuan National Park,this study investigated the characteristics of woody plant communities of four major forest types(evergreen broad-leaved forest,evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,and coniferous forest)in two dimensions:species diversity(the number of different plant species in a particular area)and structural diversity(the relative degree of diversity or complexity of vegetation in a habitat area),and their relation to the presence of black muntjac.Results:Statistical results indicated that the woody plant diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than that of coniferous forest(P<0.05),and its structural diversity was significantly higher than that of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,coniferous forest(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in species and structural diversity among the remaining forest types.No correlation between species and structural diversity of woody plants was found at our sample plots.The analysis of the microhabitat characteristics of black muntjac showed that the species preferred evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest.The presence of black muntjac increased with the greater elevation and slope,which was also positively correlated with the DBH Shannon diversity of woody species and the average DBH of understory plants(woody plants with DBH<5 cm).The highe

关 键 词：亚热带森林 物种多样性 结构多样性 黑麂 红外相机技术 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]