基于红外相机技术调查四川都江堰破碎化森林鸟兽多样性及优势种活动节律  

Investigation of the diversity of mammals and birds and the activity rhythm of dominant species using camera trapping in a fragmented forest in the Dujiangyan region,Sichuan Province

作　　者：赵坤明 陈圣宾 杨锡福[2] Kunming Zhao;Shengbin Chen;Xifu Yang(College of Ecology and Environment,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学生态环境学院,成都610059 [2]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第6期68-80,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500105,2017YFC0503802);国家自然科学基金(32001123)。

摘　　要：生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响是当前生态学和保护生物学的重要研究内容之一。然而,生境破碎化对物种多样性和活动节律影响的研究仍然不足。本研究于2018年7月至2021年7月在四川都江堰地区利用红外相机监测技术对21个破碎化森林斑块中的兽类、鸟类多样性进行调查,以期了解破碎化森林中野生动物资源状况,以及探明斑块大小、演替阶段对鸟兽多样性和优势种活动节律的影响。本研究鉴定出野生兽类和鸟类共63种,隶属10目25科,其中兽类11种,鸟类52种。国家二级重点保护野生动物有藏酋猴(Macacathibetana)、豹猫(Prionailurusbengalensis)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophuspictus)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)等12种,中国特有动物有藏酋猴、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracicus)等7种。被IUCN濒危物种红色名录评估为易危(VU)的物种仅猪獾(Arctonyxcollaris)1种,近危(NT)的有藏酋猴和毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus) 2种。兽类的物种数和相对多度随斑块大小增加而增加,鸟类的物种数和相对多度与斑块大小之间没有显著相关性;兽类、鸟类的物种数和相对多度与森林演替阶段之间没有显著相关性。鸟类的物种数和相对多度在旱季显著高于雨季,兽类的相对多度在雨季明显高于旱季,而兽类的物种数在旱季和雨季间没有显著差异。优势物种红腹锦鸡和灰胸竹鸡的日活动节律曲线高度重叠且无显著分化;两种鸡形目物种的日活动节律重叠度随斑块大小的增大而增加,随森林演替进行而降低,与人为活动干扰在时间维度上存在明显的规避现象。结果表明,生境破碎化主要影响兽类的物种多样性和优势鸟类的日活动节律。因此,应加强运用红外相机等新技术对非保护区、非国家公园等破碎化生境内野生动物多样性的监测、研究和保护。该结果对进一步研究生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响Aims:The impacts of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity are a critical research area in ecology and conservation biology.However,there is still insufficient understanding of how habitat fragmentation affects species diversity and activity rhythm.The purpose of this study is to investigate the diversity of birds and animals in fragmented forests and to explore the effects of patch size and stand age on the diversity of mammals and birds,as well as the daily activity rhythm of dominant species.Methods:From July 2018 to July 2021,researchers used infrared cameras to survey mammal and bird species in 21 fragmented forest patches located in the Dujiangyan region of Sichuan Province.The“vegan”package in R was used to generate the species accumulation curve;the linear mixed model of the“lme4”package in R was used to analyze the relationship between species richness and relative abundance index,and factors such as patch sizes,stand ages,and seasonal variations;the“overlap”package and“activity”package in R were used to analyze the daily activity rhythm and niche overlap of two dominant species and anthropogenic activities,through kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap analyses.Results:This study documented a total of 63 species of wild animals,which belonged to 10 orders and 25 families.These species included 52 species of birds and 11 species of mammals.Notably,12 of the recorded species are Class-II national protected animals,such as Macaca thibetana,Prionailurus bengalensis,Chrysolophus pictus,and Tragopan temminckii;7 species are endemic to China,including M.thibetana,Muntiacus reevesi,and Bambusicola thoracicus;1 species(Arctonyx collaris)is red listed by the IUCN as Vulnerable(VU),and two species(M.thibetana and Elaphodus cephalophus)are listed as Near Threatened(NT).The research found that the species richness and relative abundance index of mammals increased as patch sizes increased.However,there was no significant correlation between bird species richness and relative abundance ind

关 键 词：生物多样性 红外相机技术 生境破碎化 森林演替 日活动节律 生态位分化 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]