西双版纳农林复合橡胶林土壤多营养级生物网络结构  

Soil multitrophic ecological network structure of agroforestry rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna

作　　者：王文婷 王蓉 牛翠平 白杨[1] 杨效东[1,4] Wenting Wang;Rong Wang;Cuiping Niu;Yang Bai;Xiaodong Yang(Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla,Yunnan 666303;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Puer University,Puer,Yunnan 665000;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem in Ailao Mountain,Puer,Yunnan 665000)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]普洱学院,云南普洱665000 [4]哀牢山国家森林生态系统野外科学观测研究站,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第6期128-141,共14页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877064,42061144005)。

摘　　要：过度扩张的单一种植橡胶(Heveabrasiliensis)林会导致土壤生物多样性丧失和生态系统服务功能衰退,为探究橡胶农林复合措施的实施对土壤生态系统的缓解效应,解析多营养级土壤生物网络结构复杂性对不同橡胶林种植模式生态系统功能的影响有重要意义。本研究在西双版纳地区选取单一种植的橡胶林、橡胶+茶树(Camellia sinensis)、橡胶+大叶千斤拔(Flemingiamacrophylla)和热带雨林作为研究对象,分别在干季(3月)和雨季(9月)采集凋落物和土壤样品,进一步鉴定土壤生物群落,测定土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、凋落物生物量和根系生物量,分析并构建了不同复合种植模式橡胶林的土壤多营养级生物网络。结果表明:(1)总体而言,不同种植模式橡胶林的土壤真菌和节肢动物丰富度均显著低于热带雨林,但橡胶林间作大叶千斤拔可提升土壤细菌和线虫丰富度;(2)相较于单一种植橡胶林,橡胶+茶树模式在干季显著增加了土壤多营养级生物网络的复杂性(边数目增加38.26%、节点数目增加37.59%),且土壤节肢动物在网络结构中占比增加;而橡胶+大叶千斤拔模式则在雨季显著增加此网络的复杂性(边数目增加23.38%、节点数目增加31.58%),且网络结构以植食性线虫、根结线虫、外生菌根和根瘤菌为主的连接中心和模块中心增多;(3)橡胶+大叶千斤拔复合种植模式在干季显著提升土壤总碳氮含量,在雨季则显著增加β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。由此表明,通过间作方式增加橡胶林植物多样性可提高土壤生物多样性和资源输入,有助于土壤多营养级食物网络复杂性和土壤养分协调发展,本文可为探索可持续发展的环境友好型橡胶园种植模式提供重要理论基础和数据支持。Aims:Monoculture rubber plantations present a serious threat to regional biodiversity by reducing the ecological structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems in Xishuangbanna.The present research was conducted to(1)develop mitigation strategies to improve soil health under land use intensification and(2)to clarify the diversity and network complexity of soil multitrophic organisms under the influence of different land use types.Methods:We set sampling sites in the following land use types:monoculture rubber plantation(MRP),rubber with Camellia sinensis(RCS),rubber with Flemingia macrophylla(RFM)and tropical rainforest(TRF).We collected soil samples in the dry(March)and wet(September)seasons.Soil physico-chemical properties,soil enzyme activities,litter mass and root mass were measured.Relevant soil organisms at the multitrophic level were selected for network analysis.Co-occurrence network analysis methods were used to elucidate the complexity of different trophic levels of biological networks in the different land use types.Results:The results showed that:(1)richness of fungi and arthropods in rubber plantations was lower than tropical rainforest but bacteria and nematode were densely populated in RFM;(2)when examining samples collected in the dry season,when compared with MRP,the soil multitrophic biological network complexity of the RCS was significantly higher(the number of edges and nodes increased by 38.26%and 37.59%,respectively).Similarly,the proportion of soil arthropods increased in the network structure.The RFM,when compared to MRP,showed significant increase in the complexity of soil multitrophic biological network(the number of edges and nodes increased by 23.38%and 31.58%,respectively).When examining samples collected in the wet season,RFM showed significantly more connecting and modular centers dominated by herbivorous nematodes,root-knot nematodes,ectomycorrhiza and rhizobia;and(3)RFM showed significant increase in the total soil carbon and nitrogen content in dry season but increase in enzyma

关 键 词：西双版纳 土地利用 农林复合 土壤生物多样性 生态网络 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]