银川平原常见沉水植物种间关系和生态位研究  

Interspecies Relationships and Ecological Niches of Common Submerged Plants in Yinchuan Plain

作　　者：赵明涛 王超群 何玉实 何彤慧[1] ZHAO Mingtao;WANG Chaoqun;HE Yushi;HE Tonghui(School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《湿地科学》2023年第3期414-420,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761102);宁夏回族自治区科技重大专项项目(2021BEG02011);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03015)资助。

摘　　要：揭示沉水植物群落种间关系和生态位,可以回答物种对环境资源、空间的占用与支配能力以及群落的种群结构和稳定与否等问题。2021年6月至7月,采用样线与样方相结合的方法,在银川平原上的湖泊、河流、水道和沟渠等水体中,设置调查样线和样方,开展沉水植物野外调查;从记录的9种沉水植物中,根据物种出现频度,筛选出8种沉水植物常见物种,组成了28个种对;采用Schluter的方差比率方法、统计量W、卡方检验和相关分析方法等,研究8种沉水植物常见物种间关系,计算常见物种的生态位宽度指数值和物种间的生态位重叠值。研究结果表明,在银川平原8种沉水植物常见物种的28对种对物种之间的关系中,15对种对物种之间的关系为负联结关系,其中只有2对种对物种之间的关系通过了显著性检验;13对种对物种之间的关系为正联结关系,但是都未通过显著显著性检验;在8种沉水植物常见物种中,篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)的Shannon-Wiener和Levins生态位宽度指数(分别为4.056和0.376)都最大,狸藻(Utricularia vulgaris)的两种生态位宽度指数(分别为1.701和0.035)都最小,8种沉水植物常见物种的整体生态位较宽;8种沉水植物常见物种之间的生态位重叠指数为0.000~0.125,物种之间竞争不激烈。因此,未来在银川平原的湖泊、河流、水道和沟渠等的生态修复中,可以选择篦齿眼子菜作为修复先锋物种。Revealing the interspecific relationships and niches of submerged plant community can answer questions such as the ability of species on environmental resources,space,and the population structure and stability of the community.From June to July 2021,the methods of combinating transects and quadrats was used to set up survey transects and quadrats in the water bodies of lakes,rivers,waterways and ditches in the Yinchuan Plain to carry out field investigation of submerged plants.According to the frequency of species occurrence,8 common species of submerged plants were screened out from the recorded 9 species of submerged plants,forming 28 species pairs.Schluter's variance ratio method,statistics W,chi-square test and correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between 8 common species of submerged plants.The niche breadth index values of 8 common species and the niche overlap values between species were calculated.The results showed that among the 28 pairs of species-to-species relationship of 8 common species of submerged plants in Yinchuan Plain,the species-to-species relationships of 15 pairs were negative,among them,species-to-species relationships of only 2 pairs passed the significance test.The species-to-species relationships of 13 pairs were positive,but did not pass the significance test.Among 8 common species of submerged plants,the values of Shannon-Wiener and Levins niche breadth indexes of Potamogeton pectinatus(4.056 and 0.376,respectively)both were the largest,and the values of 2 indexes of Utricularia vulgaris(1.701 and 0.035,respectively)both were the smallest.The overall niche of 8 common species of submerged plants was wide,and the range of niche overlap index values between 8 common species of submerged plants was 0.000-0.125,and the competition between the species was not fierce.Therefore,in the future,Potamogeton pectinatus can be selected as a pioneer species for ecological restoration of lakes,rivers,waterways and ditches in Yinchuan Plain.

关 键 词：沉水植物 种间关系 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 银川平原 

分 类 号：Q948.122.1[生物学—植物学]