6种水生植物去除污水中总磷的实验研究  

Experimental Study on Removing Total Phosphorus in Sewage by Six Kinds of Aquatic Plants

作　　者：崔建伟 李金凤 崔键 常雅军[1] 刘晓静[1] 王巍[1] 姚东瑞[1] CUI Jianwei;LI Jinfeng;CUI Jian;CHANG Yajun;LIU Xiaojing;WANG Wei;YAO Dongrui(Institute of Botanty,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Botanical Garden,Mem.Sun Yat-Sen,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所(南京中山植物园),江苏省植物资源研究与利用重点实验室,江苏省水生植物资源与水环境修复工程研究中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《湿地科学》2023年第3期430-438,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：江苏省水利科技项目(2020039);江苏省省属公益类科研院所自主科研项目(BM2018021-6);南京市国家重点保护水生野生植物资源调查及保护措施研究项目(HXZC-2022030026)资助。

摘　　要：选择能高效去除水体中污染物的水生植物种植在人工湿地中,能提高人工湿地的去污性能。2020年6月1日至7月6日,在南京中山植物园阳光房(顶部为透光板,四周通风)内,用花盆或圆桶培养中华萍蓬草(Nuphar sinensis)、再力花(Thalia dealbata)、水葱(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)和穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum),开展利用6种植物去除初始总磷浓度分别为3.0 mg/L、3.5 mg/L、4.0 mg/L、4.5 mg/L和5.5 mg/L的配制含磷污水中总磷的实验研究;测定了再力花和苦草的鲜质量、株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽和根长;采用单因素方差分析方法,分析实验数据的差异;采用相关分析方法,确定影响再力花和苦草总磷去除率的主要因素。研究结果表明,6种水生植物对配制的含磷污水中总磷的去除效果都较好,其总磷去除率为85.2%~100.0%,再力花和苦草对含磷污水中总磷的去除效果相对更好;与实验开始时的鲜质量相比,利用含磷污水培养的再力花的鲜质量增大,而苦草的鲜质量减小;含磷污水的溶解氧含量、pH、氧化还原电位是影响再力花总磷去除率的主要因素,含磷污水的电导率、盐度、pH、氧化还原电位是影响苦草总磷去除率的主要因素。Selecting aquatic plant that can efficiently remove pollutants from water bodies and planting them in constructed wetlands can improve the decontamination capacity of constructed wetlands.Nuphar sinensis,Thalia dealbata,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani,Potamogeton crispus,Vallisneria natans and Myriophyllum spicatum were planted in flower pots in the greenhouse of Nanjing Botanical Garden,Mem.Sun Yat-Senfrom June 1 to July 6,2020.The experiment was conducted to investigate the removal rates of total phosphorus in sewage under initial total phosphorus concentrations of 3.0 mg/L,3.5 mg/L,4.0 mg/L,4.5 mg/L and 5.5 mg/L by 6 kinds of plants.The fresh weight,height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width and root length of Thalia dealbata and Vallisneria natans were determined.One-way ANOVA method was used to analyze the differences in experimental data.Correlation analysis method was used to determine the main factors affecting the total phosphorus removal rate of Thalia dealbata and Vallisneria natans.The results showed that the total phosphorus removal rates in sewage by six kinds of aquatic plants were 85.2%-100.0%,the better performances were found in Thalia dealbata and Vallisneria natans.Compared with the initial fresh weights,the fresh weights of Thalia dealbata cultivated by sewage were increased,while Vallisneria natans were decreased.The dissolved oxygen content,pH and oxidation reduction potential in sewage were the main environmental factors affecting the phosphorus removal efficiency of Thalia dealbata,and conductivity,salinity,pH and oxidation reduction potential were the main environmental factors affecting the phosphorus removal efficiency of Vallisneria natans.

关 键 词：水生植物 磷 去除率 环境因素 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q948[生物学—植物学]