单身女性享受生育保险待遇的正当性证成  

On the Justification of Single Women Enjoying Maternity Insurance Benefits

作　　者：孟梧茜 MENG Wuxi(School of Law Science,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361000,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《西安石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期108-116,共9页Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“普惠保险对保险法的挑战及应对研究”(22YJC820040)。

摘　　要：单身女性不能享受生育保险待遇,是由于地方政策的限制和司法实践的否认,这种做法的合法性存疑,也不符合社会现状和生育政策导向。结合社会生育观念转变、结婚率下降和人口安全等因素,单身女性享受生育保险待遇已具备社会基础。从法律法规的角度来看,根据“下位法不得违反上位法”的规定,上位法并没有限制单身女性享受生育保险待遇的权利,越来越多的地方政府也就此作出政策调整,取消限制性规定。生育权是一项人格权,为解绑生育与婚姻的错误勾连提供理论基石。同时,生育保险具有国家人口调控、公民生育权保障、社会公平正义实现三重功能,允许单身女性享受生育保险待遇符合生育保险的功能定位。当然,单身女性享受生育保险待遇也需适当限制,排除违背社会公序良俗或代孕行为的单身女性申领生育保险。Single women cannot enjoy maternity insurance treatment due to restrictions imposed by local policies and denial by judicial practice.However,the legality of this practice is questionable,and it is not in line with the current social situation and the orientation of the birth policy.Combined with factors such as the change in social childbirth conception,the decline in marriage rate and the security of the population,single women already have a social foundation for enjoying maternity insurance treatment.From the perspective of laws and regulations,according to the provisions of"the lower law shall not violate the higher law",the higher law does not restrict the right of single women to enjoy maternity insurance treatment,and more and more local governments have also made policy adjustments to remove restrictive regulations.The right to reproduction is a personality right that provides a theoretical cornerstone for the unbinding of the wrong connection between childbirth and marriage.At the same time,maternity insurance has the triple functions of national population regulation,citizens'reproductive rights protection,and social fairness and justice,and allowing single women to enjoy maternity insurance treatment is in line with the functional orientation of maternity insurance.Of course,single women's enjoyment of maternity insurance treatment also needs to be appropriately restricted,and single women who violate social order and good customs and surrogacy are excluded from applying for maternity insurance.

关 键 词：单身女性 生育保险 生育权 女性主义法学 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学] D923.8[政治法律—法学]